{"id":32114,"date":"2025-12-11T08:56:06","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T07:56:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=32114"},"modified":"2025-12-12T08:54:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T07:54:29","slug":"remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/","title":{"rendered":"Remembering an Enlightened Scientist: Jorge Juan (1713-1773)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Portrait of the Spanish naval officer Jorge Juan y Santacilia (1713\u20131773), who was also a Knight of the Order of Malta. \/ Wikipedia<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener noreferrer\">License Creative Commons <img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/by.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/nc.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/nd.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-8678\" src=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Xavier-150x150.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 70px) 100vw, 70px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Xavier-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Xavier-100x100.jpg 100w\" alt=\"\" width=\"70\" height=\"70\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/XmaSecundaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Xavier Mass\u00f3<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Born on 5 January 1713 in Novelda (Alicante), <strong>Jorge Juan y Santacilia<\/strong> was a humanist, scientist, naval officer, shipbuilder, intelligence agent and, in all likelihood, one of the most complete exemplars of the early Enlightenment spirit to emerge in <strong>eighteenth-century<\/strong> Spain. He took part in the <strong>measurement of the terrestrial meridian<\/strong>, demonstrating that the Earth is flattened at the poles.<\/p>\n<p>Orphaned of his father at the age of three, he was educated at the Jesuit college in Alicante under the supervision of his uncle, himself a member of the order. In 1727 he entered the Royal Academy of Midshipmen in C\u00e1diz, swiftly gaining a reputation as a gifted student thanks to his extraordinary aptitude for mathematics\u2014so much so that his fellow pupils dubbed him <strong>\u201cEuclid\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>He played a prominent role in the <strong>Spanish\u2013French Geodesic Mission<\/strong> (1735\u20131744), organised by France to measure the arc of the meridian in equatorial regions. The question was whether the Earth was elongated at the poles, as <strong>Cassini<\/strong> argued, or flattened, as followed from <strong>Newton\u2019s<\/strong> law of universal gravitation and seemed to be supported by pendulum experiments, the position championed by <strong>Halley and Huygens<\/strong>. This required on-site measurements of the meridian arc at differing latitudes.<\/p>\n<p>The Spanish contribution fell, surprisingly for a mission of such magnitude, to two extraordinarily young yet exceptionally capable scientists: Jorge Juan, aged 21, as mathematician, and <strong>Antonio Ulloa, <\/strong>aged 19, as naturalist. They were so young that they still lacked military rank, and were therefore promoted directly to naval lieutenant. Their operations base was Quito, in present-day Ecuador, from which they undertook a series of triangulations ranging from lowland plains to peaks of 5,000 metres. The expedition endured great hardships and repeated interruptions owing to the outbreak of war with England. Juan calculated the value of one degree of meridian at the equator as 56,767.788 toises\u2014roughly 110.6 km. His result was the most accurate of the entire mission, and <strong>not only confirmed that the Earth is flattened at the poles<\/strong> but also provided the basis, fifty years later, for the adoption of the metre as the fundamental unit of the <strong>decimal metric system<\/strong>, defined as one ten-millionth of the Earth\u2019s meridian quadrant.<\/p>\n<p>The return to Spain was fraught with difficulty, the country being at war with England, which commanded the seas. For safety, Juan and Ulloa travelled separately. Juan reached Brest (France) on 31 October 1745, then proceeded to Paris to exchange views with French scholars. Ulloa was not so fortunate: captured by the English, he was forced to destroy all his documents and spent a period imprisoned in England.<\/p>\n<p>Upon his return to Spain\u2014now under the reign of Ferdinand VI\u2014Juan met the <strong>Marquis of Ensenada<\/strong>, who immediately recognised in him the ideal figure to reform Spain\u2019s antiquated navy. He was dispatched to London as an intelligence agent with the aim of studying British shipbuilding techniques. Passing himself off as <strong>\u201cMister Josues\u201d<\/strong>, he proved remarkably successful: he moved with ease in the circles of Prime Minister <strong>John Russell<\/strong> and was even elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, as Ulloa would later be. He succeeded in gaining access to British advances and recruited experts to work in Spain applying the new techniques.<\/p>\n<p>He did not merely reproduce British designs; he improved them. Eighteen months later, the British Prime Minister ordered his <strong>arrest on<\/strong> <strong>charges of espionage<\/strong>, forcing him into a hasty escape. Back in Spain, he implemented his system in the shipyards of C\u00e1diz, Ferrol, Cartagena and Havana, introducing at the same time a method of labour division based on specialist expertise. In Ferrol he also collaborated with the Catalan naval engineer <strong>Francisco Llobet<\/strong> in planning the arsenal and the Magdalena district.<\/p>\n<p>His improvements were of such magnitude that the English, in due course, returned the visit and appropriated the innovations Juan had incorporated into his own designs\u2014while also ensuring that Spain would not apply them. The downfall of Ensenada\u2014engineered by the intrigues of the British ambassador, <strong>Benjamin Keene<\/strong>\u2014brought the project to an abrupt end and led to the adoption of the French model of shipbuilding, markedly inferior to Juan\u2019s.<\/p>\n<p>Jorge Juan pursued his scientific work with equal distinction. In C\u00e1diz he founded the <strong>\u201cFriendly Literary Assembly\u201d<\/strong>, a society that met to discuss matters of shared intellectual interest and counted among its members Louis Godin, Jos\u00e9 Infante, Francisco Canivell, Jos\u00e9 N\u00e1jera, Pedro Virgili and Jos\u00e9 Carbonell. Conceived as the embryo of a future Spanish Academy of Sciences, the project ultimately failed to materialise. He also founded the Madrid Astronomical Observatory and served for a time as ambassador to Morocco. In all his endeavours he stood out for his exceptional competence and clear-sighted judgement.<\/p>\n<p>Jorge Juan y Santacilia died in Madrid on 21 July 1773, aged sixty, from a bilious colic.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Source:\u00a0<strong>educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rights:\u00a0<strong>Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Born on 5 January 1713 in Novelda (Alicante), Jorge Juan y Santacilia was a humanist, scientist, naval officer, shipbuilder, intelligence agent and, in all likelihood, one of the most complete exemplars of the early Enlightenment spirit to emerge in eighteenth-century Spain. He took part in the measurement of the terrestrial meridian, demonstrating that the Earth is flattened at the poles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":32119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[255],"tags":[3770,3771,3768,3769],"class_list":["post-32114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-decimal-metric-system","tag-jorge-juan-y-santacilia","tag-marquis-of-ensenada","tag-terrestrial-meridian"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Remembering an Enlightened Scientist: Jorge Juan (1713-1773) - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Born on 5 January 1713 in Novelda (Alicante), Jorge Juan y Santacilia was a humanist, scientist, naval officer, shipbuilder, intelligence agent and, in all likelihood, one of the most complete exemplars of the early Enlightenment spirit to emerge in eighteenth-century Spain. He took part in the measurement of the terrestrial meridian, demonstrating that the Earth is flattened at the poles.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Remembering an Enlightened Scientist: Jorge Juan (1713-1773) - Educational Evidence\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Born on 5 January 1713 in Novelda (Alicante), Jorge Juan y Santacilia was a humanist, scientist, naval officer, shipbuilder, intelligence agent and, in all likelihood, one of the most complete exemplars of the early Enlightenment spirit to emerge in eighteenth-century Spain. He took part in the measurement of the terrestrial meridian, demonstrating that the Earth is flattened at the poles.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Educational Evidence\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-11T07:56:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-12T07:54:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jorge-Juan.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"593\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"educational EVIDENCE\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Xavier Mass\u00f3\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"educational EVIDENCE\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/91a8797f56f6a2e7ba6fd6297739bbf1\"},\"headline\":\"Remembering an Enlightened Scientist: Jorge Juan (1713-1773)\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-11T07:56:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-12T07:54:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":834,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/Jorge-Juan.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"decimal metric system\",\"Jorge Juan y Santacilia\",\"Marquis of Ensenada\",\"terrestrial meridian\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/\",\"name\":\"Remembering an Enlightened Scientist: Jorge Juan (1713-1773) - Educational Evidence\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/Jorge-Juan.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-11T07:56:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-12T07:54:29+00:00\",\"description\":\"Born on 5 January 1713 in Novelda (Alicante), Jorge Juan y Santacilia was a humanist, scientist, naval officer, shipbuilder, intelligence agent and, in all likelihood, one of the most complete exemplars of the early Enlightenment spirit to emerge in eighteenth-century Spain. He took part in the measurement of the terrestrial meridian, demonstrating that the Earth is flattened at the poles.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/Jorge-Juan.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/Jorge-Juan.jpg\",\"width\":960,\"height\":593},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Remembering an Enlightened Scientist: Jorge Juan (1713-1773)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Educational Evidence\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Educational Evidence\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png\",\"width\":3508,\"height\":1090,\"caption\":\"Educational Evidence\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/91a8797f56f6a2e7ba6fd6297739bbf1\",\"name\":\"educational EVIDENCE\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775033882\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775033882\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775033882\",\"caption\":\"educational EVIDENCE\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/\"],\"url\":\"\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Remembering an Enlightened Scientist: Jorge Juan (1713-1773) - Educational Evidence","description":"Born on 5 January 1713 in Novelda (Alicante), Jorge Juan y Santacilia was a humanist, scientist, naval officer, shipbuilder, intelligence agent and, in all likelihood, one of the most complete exemplars of the early Enlightenment spirit to emerge in eighteenth-century Spain. He took part in the measurement of the terrestrial meridian, demonstrating that the Earth is flattened at the poles.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Remembering an Enlightened Scientist: Jorge Juan (1713-1773) - Educational Evidence","og_description":"Born on 5 January 1713 in Novelda (Alicante), Jorge Juan y Santacilia was a humanist, scientist, naval officer, shipbuilder, intelligence agent and, in all likelihood, one of the most complete exemplars of the early Enlightenment spirit to emerge in eighteenth-century Spain. He took part in the measurement of the terrestrial meridian, demonstrating that the Earth is flattened at the poles.","og_url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/","og_site_name":"Educational Evidence","article_published_time":"2025-12-11T07:56:06+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-12T07:54:29+00:00","og_image":[{"width":960,"height":593,"url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jorge-Juan.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"educational EVIDENCE","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Xavier Mass\u00f3","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/"},"author":{"name":"educational EVIDENCE","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/91a8797f56f6a2e7ba6fd6297739bbf1"},"headline":"Remembering an Enlightened Scientist: Jorge Juan (1713-1773)","datePublished":"2025-12-11T07:56:06+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-12T07:54:29+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/"},"wordCount":834,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jorge-Juan.jpg","keywords":["decimal metric system","Jorge Juan y Santacilia","Marquis of Ensenada","terrestrial meridian"],"articleSection":["Science"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/","name":"Remembering an Enlightened Scientist: Jorge Juan (1713-1773) - Educational Evidence","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jorge-Juan.jpg","datePublished":"2025-12-11T07:56:06+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-12T07:54:29+00:00","description":"Born on 5 January 1713 in Novelda (Alicante), Jorge Juan y Santacilia was a humanist, scientist, naval officer, shipbuilder, intelligence agent and, in all likelihood, one of the most complete exemplars of the early Enlightenment spirit to emerge in eighteenth-century Spain. He took part in the measurement of the terrestrial meridian, demonstrating that the Earth is flattened at the poles.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jorge-Juan.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jorge-Juan.jpg","width":960,"height":593},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/remembering-an-enlightened-scientist-jorge-juan-1713-1773\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Remembering an Enlightened Scientist: Jorge Juan (1713-1773)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/","name":"Educational Evidence","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#organization","name":"Educational Evidence","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png","width":3508,"height":1090,"caption":"Educational Evidence"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/91a8797f56f6a2e7ba6fd6297739bbf1","name":"educational EVIDENCE","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775033882","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775033882","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775033882","caption":"educational EVIDENCE"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/"],"url":""}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32114"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32307,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32114\/revisions\/32307"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}