{"id":32110,"date":"2025-12-18T08:46:26","date_gmt":"2025-12-18T07:46:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=32110"},"modified":"2025-12-19T08:50:24","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T07:50:24","slug":"the-historical-jesus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/","title":{"rendered":"The historical Jesus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/es\/users\/s-ms_1989-5632430\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=8370118\">Sr. M. Jutta<\/a> &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/es\/\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=8370118\">Pixabay<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener noreferrer\">License Creative Commons <img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/by.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/nc.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/nd.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DAVIDRABADA\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-14927\" src=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/David-Rabada-1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"70\" height=\"70\" \/><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DAVIDRABADA\"><strong>David Rabad\u00e0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Today we know that the <strong>historical Jesus<\/strong> bore little resemblance to the <strong>Christ fashioned by the Christmas tradition<\/strong>. The two figures were, in fact, poles apart and far from being one and the same. On this point\u2014though it is never mentioned in sermons\u2014there is broad consensus among biblical scholars. After decades of research, there is ample evidence to conclude that the Gospel image of the Christ of peace was largely a creation of the earliest Christian communities. The circumstances in which the Gospels were written, the pressures of an increasingly menacing Roman Empire, and the growing power of the Church all contributed to the transformation of the earlier, historical Jesus into the <strong>Christ of faith<\/strong> that has prevailed ever since. A Latin proverb may offer some shelter here: <em>cave ab homine unius libri<\/em>\u2014beware the man of a single book. And perhaps at Christmas we should remind ourselves that the image of the infant Jesus was itself fashioned from a single book: the Bible and its New Testament. Even a cursory reading of the Gospels reveals more paradoxes than one can easily reconcile. To resolve their contradictions, we must operate at another level: <strong>we must understand how the Gospels were composed<\/strong> and, in doing so, turn the entire narrative on its head.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32076\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32076\" style=\"width: 284px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32076\" src=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Dionysius_Exiguus.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"284\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Dionysius_Exiguus.jpg 284w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Dionysius_Exiguus-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Dionysius_Exiguus-234x330.jpg 234w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Dionysius_Exiguus-128x180.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32076\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">VI century icon. Dionisio Exiguo. \/ Wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Once we add what we now know about the social context of the time, together with other documents that have since come to light, <strong>the falseness of the traditional image of the Nazarene<\/strong> becomes apparent. Take, for instance, Jesus\u2019s birthday\u2014our Christmas. Tradition asserts that he was born on 25 December in the year AD 1. Yet this dating arose more from social convenience than historical rigour. <strong>Under the Roman Empire, years were counted from the foundation of Rome<\/strong>, <em>ab urbe condita<\/em> (A.U.C.). By the sixth century, the empire had entered a long twilight and Rome was no longer the administrative centre. A new calendar was needed, this time grounded in Christian chronology, and the two great Churches\u2014Eastern and Western\u2014competed for authority: one working to a solar calendar, the other to a lunar one for certain feasts. Easter, for instance, was not celebrated on the same day by both congregations. Under <strong>Pope Julius I<\/strong>, efforts began to unify these criteria. The pontiff ordered a monk in his service to determine the year of Christ\u2019s birth, for the new calendar had to be anchored to that event. Yet no one actually knew when\u2014nor even where\u2014Jesus had been born. This monk, <strong>Dionysius Exiguus<\/strong>, set out to establish the date and erred repeatedly.<\/p>\n<p>His first mistake was to work with the <strong>Roman calendar<\/strong>, whose first month was March. By drawing on various approximations, Dionysius concluded that Jesus had been born in 754 A.U.C.\u2014a paradox, for the Gospels insist that Jesus and Herod were contemporaries, yet Herod the Great died in 750 A.U.C., that is, 4 BC\u2014four years before Jesus&#8217;s proposed birth. Either the evangelists were wrong in placing Jesus and Herod in the same period, or the monk failed to notice the contradiction.<\/p>\n<p>His second mistake lay in <strong>assigning 1 January of the year 1<\/strong> to Jesus\u2019s presentation to society\u2014his circumcision, the rite by which the father acknowledged the child as his own and incorporated him into the Jewish community, into the covenant with Yahweh. This <em>berit<\/em>, this covenant, traditionally took place on the eighth day after birth. Subtracting eight days from 1 January 754 yields 25 December 753\u2014the supposed date of Jesus\u2019s birth. By coincidence, this was also the birthday of a pagan sun god, Mithras, still venerated by some early Christians, and which the Church was keen to absorb into Christian practice. The objective was clear: to dilute pagan festivities by folding them into the evangelical ones, contradictions notwithstanding. After all\u2014irrespective of whether the intention was to subsume Mithras\u2019s birth into Christ\u2019s\u2014 <strong>25 December was at odds with the Gospel accounts<\/strong>. The notion that shepherds slept in the open in late December hardly supports a winter nativity.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32352\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32352\" style=\"width: 207px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32352\" src=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/llibre-David-207x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"207\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/llibre-David-207x300.jpg 207w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/llibre-David-706x1024.jpg 706w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/llibre-David-768x1115.jpg 768w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/llibre-David-1058x1536.jpg 1058w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/llibre-David-1411x2048.jpg 1411w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/llibre-David-227x330.jpg 227w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/llibre-David-124x180.jpg 124w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/llibre-David.jpg 1764w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32352\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cover of book David Rabad\u00e0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Dionysius\u2019s <strong>third mistake was arithmetical<\/strong>, a consequence of his age. He declared that the moment Jesus was born, the year AD 1 had already elapsed; there was no year zero. Thus, between 753 and 754 A.U.C. two years were effectively counted, not one. One jumped directly from 1 BC (753 A.U.C.) to AD 1 (754 A.U.C.), bypassing zero altogether. A newborn normally begins life at age 0 and celebrates the first anniversary a year later. Jesus, by contrast, appears to have begun life with one year already gone, though he would celebrate his first birthday in AD 2. The monk can hardly be blamed: at the time, people used Roman numerals, not the Arabic numeral system with its zero, and <strong>Dionysius almost certainly lacked the conceptual tools to imagine one. <\/strong>This context ensured that every subsequent turn of the century or millennium was celebrated a year late: the second century began in 101, not 100; the second millennium in 2001, not 2000.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these missteps, Dionysius\u2019s calendar spread. After the sixth century, with the Roman Empire dismantled, the Christian custom of dating historical events by Jesus\u2019s birth gradually replaced the old Roman scheme, <em>ab urbe condita<\/em>. By the eighth century, his calendar\u2014still without a zero\u2014was widely used. Indeed, the zero itself did not enter European mathematical culture until the early thirteenth century, when <strong>Leonardo of Pisa\u2014Fibonacci<\/strong>\u2014helped spread the Indo-Arabic decimal system throughout Europe, including the place-value digit zero, through his <em>Liber Abaci<\/em>, published in 1202. For this and other reasons, the millennium that technically fell in 1001 caused little stir\u2014unlike that of 2001, accompanied by apocalyptic fears that, needless to say, came to nothing. Perhaps the only lesson is that we should pay no heed to millenarian prophecies when the year 3001 comes around.<\/p>\n<p>Given Dionysius\u2019s constraints\u2014and the paradoxes between his calendar and the Gospels\u2014one modest conclusion remains: <strong>we do not know when Jesus was born, nor when a new millennium ought to be celebrated<\/strong>. It is worth recalling that in antiquity only prominent families recorded birthdays, and Jesus came from a humble household. Among the lower classes anniversaries were not customary, and as the Gospels tell us nothing of Jesus\u2019s early years, we are left completely in the dark \u2014and without so much as his birthday candles. Christmas, understood as the nativity of Jesus, is a vast fiction, a monumental fabrication.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><strong>Bibliography:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>Rabad\u00e0, D. 2025.\u00a0<em>El Jes\u00fas Hist\u00f3rico<\/em>. Editorial Hilos de Azul.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Source:\u00a0<strong>educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rights:\u00a0<strong>Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we know that the historical Jesus bore little resemblance to the Christ fashioned by the Christmas tradition. The two figures were, in fact, poles apart and far from being one and the same. On this point\u2014though it is never mentioned in sermons\u2014there is broad consensus among biblical scholars. After decades of research, there is ample evidence to conclude that the Gospel image of the Christ of peace was largely a creation of the earliest Christian communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":32102,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[268],"tags":[3777,3776,3775],"class_list":["post-32110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-humanities","tag-christmas","tag-dionysius-exiguus","tag-historical-jesus"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The historical Jesus - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Today we know that the historical Jesus bore little resemblance to the Christ fashioned by the Christmas tradition. The two figures were, in fact, poles apart and far from being one and the same. On this point\u2014though it is never mentioned in sermons\u2014there is broad consensus among biblical scholars. After decades of research, there is ample evidence to conclude that the Gospel image of the Christ of peace was largely a creation of the earliest Christian communities.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The historical Jesus - Educational Evidence\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Today we know that the historical Jesus bore little resemblance to the Christ fashioned by the Christmas tradition. 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After decades of research, there is ample evidence to conclude that the Gospel image of the Christ of peace was largely a creation of the earliest Christian communities.","og_url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/","og_site_name":"Educational Evidence","article_published_time":"2025-12-18T07:46:26+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-19T07:50:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":900,"height":668,"url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/family-8370118_1280.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"educational EVIDENCE","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"David Rabad\u00e0 i Vives","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/"},"author":{"name":"educational EVIDENCE","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/91a8797f56f6a2e7ba6fd6297739bbf1"},"headline":"The historical Jesus","datePublished":"2025-12-18T07:46:26+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-19T07:50:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/"},"wordCount":1122,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/family-8370118_1280.jpg","keywords":["Christmas","Dionysius Exiguus","historical Jesus"],"articleSection":["Humanities"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/","name":"The historical Jesus - Educational Evidence","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/family-8370118_1280.jpg","datePublished":"2025-12-18T07:46:26+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-19T07:50:24+00:00","description":"Today we know that the historical Jesus bore little resemblance to the Christ fashioned by the Christmas tradition. The two figures were, in fact, poles apart and far from being one and the same. On this point\u2014though it is never mentioned in sermons\u2014there is broad consensus among biblical scholars. After decades of research, there is ample evidence to conclude that the Gospel image of the Christ of peace was largely a creation of the earliest Christian communities.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/family-8370118_1280.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/family-8370118_1280.jpg","width":900,"height":668},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/the-historical-jesus\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The historical Jesus"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/","name":"Educational Evidence","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#organization","name":"Educational Evidence","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png","width":3508,"height":1090,"caption":"Educational Evidence"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/91a8797f56f6a2e7ba6fd6297739bbf1","name":"educational EVIDENCE","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698","caption":"educational EVIDENCE"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/"],"url":""}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32110"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32378,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32110\/revisions\/32378"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}