{"id":23469,"date":"2025-01-17T09:31:20","date_gmt":"2025-01-17T08:31:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=23469"},"modified":"2025-01-20T09:35:34","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T08:35:34","slug":"la-filosofia-de-henri-bergson-by-manuel-garcia-morente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/la-filosofia-de-henri-bergson-by-manuel-garcia-morente\/","title":{"rendered":"La Filosof\u00eda de Henri Bergson, by Manuel Garc\u00eda Morente"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><strong>Forgotten Little Books of Philosophy (5)<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h1><em>La Filosof\u00eda de Henri Bergson<\/em>, by Manuel Garc\u00eda Morente<\/h1>\n<figure id=\"attachment_23611\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-23611\" style=\"width: 765px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.es\/books\/edition\/La_filosof%C3%ADa_de_Henri_Bergson\/2DZHAAAAIAAJ?hl=es&amp;gbpv=1&amp;pg=PA7&amp;printsec=frontcover\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23611\" src=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cover-Residencia-de-estudiantes-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"765\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cover-Residencia-de-estudiantes-1.jpg 765w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cover-Residencia-de-estudiantes-1-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cover-Residencia-de-estudiantes-1-570x325.jpg 570w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cover-Residencia-de-estudiantes-1-270x154.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 765px) 100vw, 765px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-23611\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residencia de Estudiantes, 1916.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a style=\"display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener noreferrer\">License Creative Commons <img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/by.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/nc.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/nd.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-12365\" src=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Andreu-cover-696x452-1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"70\" height=\"70\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AndreuNavarra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Andreu Navarra<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Around the year 1900, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Bergson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Bergson<\/strong><\/a><\/span> was dismissively described as a metaphysician. The reigning positivism of the time relentlessly persecuted every authentic effort to engage in genuine thought, burying under ridicule and disdain the most venerable terms of the ancient and eternal philosophy. <strong>Metaphysics was regarded as the occupation of idle dreamers<\/strong>, a not-always-innocent way to squander time with studied diligence\u201d. This is how <strong>Manuel Garc\u00eda Morente<\/strong> began the obituary he dedicated to Henri Bergson upon the latter\u2019s death in 1941. Garc\u00eda Morente was well-acquainted with the French thinker, having devoted a series of lectures to his work in 1916. That same year, Bergson visited Madrid and delivered a speech in Spanish stating, among other things, that &#8220;the unity of philosophy will no longer be that of a finished entity, like a metaphysical system; it will be the unity of continuity, of an open curve that each thinker will extend from the point at which others left it&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>During those intense years, <strong>Einstein<\/strong> had brought curves and complex interrelations into vogue. Positivism\u2019s dominance had already waned, and with it\u2014and even slightly earlier\u2014so had the grand metaphysical systems. <strong>Ortega y Gasset<\/strong> had set them aside to illuminate his notion of vital reason, while <strong>Eugenio d\u2019Ors<\/strong>, who had met Bergson as a young man in Paris, did not stray far from him in developing his dialogical philosophy.<\/p>\n<p>What was Garc\u00eda Morente doing meanwhile? In 1906, the Junta para Ampliaci\u00f3n de Estudios sent him to Marburg, where he immersed himself in Neo-Kantianism under <strong>Cassirer, Cohen, and Natorp<\/strong>. In 1912, he won the Chair of Ethics at the University of Madrid and presented his doctoral thesis,\u00a0<em>Kant\u2019s Aesthetics.<\/em>\u00a0By 1914, he had translated\u00a0<em>Critique of Judgement;<\/em>\u00a0in 1917, he published an extensive monograph on <strong>Kant<\/strong>; in 1918, he translated\u00a0<em>Critique of Practical Reason;<\/em>\u00a0and in 1921,\u00a0<em>Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals.<\/em>\u00a0During the 1920s, he tirelessly translated for\u00a0<em>Revista de Occidente.<\/em>\u00a0Within Ortega\u2019s circle, Morente, <strong>Jos\u00e9 Gaos<\/strong>, and later <strong>Juli\u00e1n Mar\u00edas<\/strong> aimed to bring Spanish philosophy up to date by translating essential works. During this decade, Morente worked with <strong>Spengler, Rickert, Simmel, Scheler, and Hartmann<\/strong>. Alongside Gaos, he translated Husserl&#8217;s\u00a0<em>Logical Investigations<\/em>\u00a0(1929) and <strong>Brentano<\/strong>&#8216;s\u00a0<em>The Origin of Moral Knowledge.<\/em>\u00a0It would be impossible to claim that Garc\u00eda Morente was not wholly dedicated to his intellectual pursuits.<\/p>\n<p>Garc\u00eda Morente\u2019s\u00a0<em><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.es\/books\/edition\/La_filosof%C3%ADa_de_Henri_Bergson\/2DZHAAAAIAAJ?hl=es&amp;gbpv=1&amp;pg=PA7&amp;printsec=frontcover\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La filosofia de Bergson<\/a><\/span>,<\/em>\u00a0a transcription of the <strong>three lectures he delivered at the Residencia de Estudiantes in 1916<\/strong>, was first published by the Residencia in 1917. Two subsequent editions followed: Austral\u2019s in 1972 and Encuentro\u2019s in 2010, the latter now digitised by Spain\u2019s National Library. Garc\u00eda Morente\u2019s obituary for Bergson accompanied the 1972 edition. In describing Bergson\u2019s fluid (or curved) system, Morente employs aphoristic statements, subtly embedded within the text: \u201cOur knowledge of ourselves can only be intuitive\u201d (1972); \u201cIn instinct, knowledge manifests as action\u201d; \u201cInstinct is the unconscious intuition of itself\u201d. Bergson\u2019s anti-positivism must have profoundly impacted many Spanish writers, with <strong>Unamuno and Antonio Machado<\/strong> at the forefront. As Bergson writes: \u201cWhen intellectual analysis is directed towards the inner life of the spirit, it replaces the active spiritual soul with a materialised and false one, and what it analyses and dissects is the immobile trace left by movement\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions: <\/strong>\u201cIf, through a special effort of tension, we could make intelligence and instinct coincide at a single point, we would achieve intuition\u201d. \u201cThe illusion of determinism lies, ultimately, in imagining the spirit as if it were matter and applying the laws of matter to it\u201d. Finally: \u201cTo define is to enclose a reality within a concept, to solidify the fluid and immobilise movement\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Figures such as <strong>Mar\u00eda Zambrano, Xavier Zubiri<\/strong>, Garc\u00eda Morente himself, and <strong>Ramiro de Maeztu<\/strong>, each from their own unique and personal positions, would engage deeply with these ideas throughout the 1930s.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Source:\u00a0<strong>educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rights:\u00a0<strong>Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Around the year 1900, Bergson was dismissively described as a metaphysician. The reigning positivism of the time relentlessly persecuted every authentic effort to engage in genuine thought, burying under ridicule and disdain the most venerable terms of the ancient and eternal philosophy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23611,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[268,271],"tags":[2352,2353,2375],"class_list":["post-23469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-humanities","category-philosophy","tag-henri-bergson","tag-manuel-garcia-morente","tag-metaphysics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La Filosof\u00eda de Henri Bergson, by Manuel Garc\u00eda Morente - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Around the year 1900, Bergson was dismissively described as a metaphysician. 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