{"id":15660,"date":"2024-05-03T08:46:32","date_gmt":"2024-05-03T06:46:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=15660"},"modified":"2024-05-03T09:06:01","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T07:06:01","slug":"stories-by-unamuno-1-mecanopolis-1913","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/stories-by-unamuno-1-mecanopolis-1913\/","title":{"rendered":"Stories by Unamuno (1): Mecan\u00f3polis (1913)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Stories by Unamuno (1): <em>Mecan\u00f3polis <\/em>(1913)<\/h1>\n<p>Like Heidegger, he perhaps believed technology was beneficial until it began to erode the essence of humanity<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15646\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15646\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15646\" src=\"http:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nomad-2362593_1280.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nomad-2362593_1280.jpg 900w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nomad-2362593_1280-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nomad-2362593_1280-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15646\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by keluan. Pixabay<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a style=\"display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener noreferrer\">License Creative Commons <img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/by.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/nc.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/nd.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-12365 entered litespeed-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Andreu-cover-696x452-1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"70\" height=\"70\" data-lazyloaded=\"1\" data-src=\"http:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Andreu-cover-696x452-1-150x150.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AndreuNavarra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Andreu Navarra<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This story, published on August 11, 1913, is a model of simplicity. It adopts the swift and fundamental structure of B\u00e9cquer\u2019s <em>Legends<\/em>: a tale of an extraordinary journey or experience that a friend has undergone, which the narrator tries to replicate in his own words. This narrative technique, reminiscent of Cervantes, is almost a staple in the realm of fantastic or speculative literature. In this case, we are clearly facing a case of moral dystopia, like the one Julio Verne wrote but left unpublished half a century earlier about the mechanized Paris of the 20th century. In this instance, we find ourselves confronted with a moral dystopia, akin to an unpublished work by Julio Verne about the mechanized Paris of the 20th century from half a century earlier. The protagonist remains nameless, and it is evident that through this character, Miguel de Unamuno wanted to express not so much his opposition to techno-progressivism, but rather its potential to dehumanize.<\/p>\n<p>The situation, as we\u2019ve said, is very simple: a wanderer, lost in the desert, seeks water and stumbles upon an oasis. Within this oasis lies an automated railway station from which an incredibly fast train, which was empty, departs. This train crosses the plains to reach Mechanopolis, a city full of wealth that no one enjoys. What the author describes resembles a famous Gestapo torture: \u201cI cannot describe the city to you. We can scarcely even dream all the magnificence, grandiosity, comfort and cleanliness that abounded in that place. Of course, I failed to comprehend the need for all those cleaning apparatuses, since no living creature was in sight. No people, no animals. Not a single dog crossed the street; not a swallow crossed the sky.\u201d It is remarkable that Unamuno imagined this dystopia a year before the First World War, over a decade before Stalin\u2019s First Five-Year Plan, seven years before the publication of <em>We<\/em>, by Evgeny Zamiatin, the progenitor of all 20<sup>th<\/sup>-century dystopian nightmares. Within a building in Mechanopolis there exists a \u201cHotel\u201d, completely deserted, equipped with machines that prepare and serve delicacies at the mere push of a button, like on the Enterprise ship. The tragedy lies in the fact that the humanity has been excluded from that unfortunate perfect city.<\/p>\n<p>Within the Art Museum, one can find flawless reproductions of all the great paintings ever created by humanity. It\u2019s a place where one can learn about all the art of the world, but without seeing a single work of art. We can wonder what the hell a work of art is. Walter Benjamin would do it in 1936 in a transcendental little essay. However, Unamuno had already been contemplating the subject\u2026 And one more disturbing detail: \u201cI learned from a sign at the entrance that in Mechanopolis, the Museum of Painting was considered part of the Museum of Paleontology\u201d\u2026 It\u2019s as if Unamuno had taken a stroll around Barcelona in 2024!<\/p>\n<p>Neither food, nor luxuries, nor riches for anyone. We do not know if he is talking about the contemporary city or the Metaverse. Because we could apply this moral to our world: it seems that Unamuno was thinking of us when he described a technical world where humans mattered so little that they ceased to count at all. It\u2019s not merely that the humanities have been and continue to be trampled upon (this is an age-old debate: they\u2019ve been systematically dismantled for decades, to the point where authorities can scarcely recall what literature or cultural heritage even mean; a future Verne had already predicted). It\u2019s that people, often seen as obstacles and sources of contradictions, no longer serve to optimize systems and are thus made to vanish. As Unamuno says, some \u201cmechanical souls\u201d steer our world and I\u2019m unsure what frightens me more: being expelled by a robot or a robotized man, I mean lobotomized. In other words, a person devoid of soul.<\/p>\n<p>We know that Unamuno campaigned against the railway. We also know that he had a frequent traveller railcard, which he used to visit Gredos and Extremadura, to purify his spirit. He claimed walking as a form of spiritual hygiene, using technology to achieve it and avoid becoming trapped in the city: a humanist stance, characteristic of someone who loves the countryside but must sometimes go to Madrid or Bilbao to make the public remember. Unamuno sometimes struggled to harmonize this dual life. However, after reading <em>\u201c<\/em>Mecan\u00f3polis<em>\u201d<\/em> we understand that he viewed exaggerated technical progress as a threat. Like Heidegger, he perhaps believed technology was beneficial until it began to erode the essence of humanity.<\/p>\n<p>Luckily, the story concludes positively: Frantically I ran outside and threw myself in front of the first electric tram that came. When I came to, I found myself back in the oasis that I had departed from. I walked until I came to the tent of a group of Bedouins, and when I met one of them I embraced him in tears. How well we understood each other even without understanding each other! They fed me; they took care of me, and at night, I went outside with them and, lying on the ground, looking up into the starry sky, we prayed together\u201d. They were fine, for they were humans doing things together.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Source:\u00a0<strong>educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rights:\u00a0<strong>Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This story, published on August 11, 1913, is a model of simplicity. It adopts the swift and fundamental structure of B\u00e9cquer\u2019s Legends: a tale of an extraordinary journey or experience that a friend has undergone, which the narrator tries to replicate in his own words. This narrative technique, reminiscent of Cervantes, is almost a staple in the realm of fantastic or speculative literature.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15646,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[268,413],"tags":[914,915,913],"class_list":["post-15660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-humanities","category-literatura-en","tag-mecanopolis-1913-en","tag-miguel-de-unamuno-en","tag-stories-by-unamuno"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Stories by Unamuno (1): Mecan\u00f3polis (1913) - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This story, published on August 11, 1913, is a model of simplicity. 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This narrative technique, reminiscent of Cervantes, is almost a staple in the realm of fantastic or speculative literature.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/stories-by-unamuno-1-mecanopolis-1913\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/stories-by-unamuno-1-mecanopolis-1913\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/stories-by-unamuno-1-mecanopolis-1913\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nomad-2362593_1280.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nomad-2362593_1280.jpg","width":900,"height":675,"caption":"Imagen de keluan en Pixabay"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/stories-by-unamuno-1-mecanopolis-1913\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Stories by Unamuno (1): Mecan\u00f3polis (1913)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/","name":"Educational Evidence","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#organization","name":"Educational Evidence","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png","width":3508,"height":1090,"caption":"Educational Evidence"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/91a8797f56f6a2e7ba6fd6297739bbf1","name":"educational EVIDENCE","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698","caption":"educational EVIDENCE"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/"],"url":""}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15660"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15956,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15660\/revisions\/15956"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}