{"id":32143,"date":"2026-01-15T08:51:38","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T07:51:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=32143"},"modified":"2026-01-16T08:45:19","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T07:45:19","slug":"jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/","title":{"rendered":"Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz: cient\u00edfic, enginyer, soldat, espia, aventurer i inventor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Retrat de Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont. Fundaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola para la Ciencia y la Tecnolog\u00eda, Eulogia Merle. \/ <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jer%C3%B3nimo_de_Ayanz_y_Beaumont#\/media\/Archivo:Jer%C3%B3nimo_de_Ayanz_y_Beaumont_(MUNCYT,_Eulogia_Merle).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/deed.ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener noreferrer\">Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/cc.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/by.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/nc.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 22px!important; margin-left: 3px; vertical-align: text-bottom;\" src=\"https:\/\/mirrors.creativecommons.org\/presskit\/icons\/nd.svg?ref=chooser-v1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-8678\" src=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Xavier-150x150.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 70px) 100vw, 70px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Xavier-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Xavier-100x100.jpg 100w\" alt=\"\" width=\"70\" height=\"70\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/XmaSecundaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Xavier Mass\u00f3<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Si hagu\u00e9s nascut en un altre lloc hauria estat sens dubte una figura mundialment celebrada i objecte de tractats literaris, sobre la seva vida, i cient\u00edfics, sobre la seva obra. Va registrar i va aplicar la <strong>primera<\/strong> <strong>m\u00e0quina de vapor<\/strong> cent anys per endavant de Savery, a Anglaterra, i dos segles abans que Watt la convert\u00eds en el talism\u00e0 de la Revoluci\u00f3 Industrial. A la hist\u00f2ria hi ha casos en qu\u00e8 alguns es van emportar els m\u00e8rits d&#8217;altres; en el d&#8217;Ayanz ni tan sols aix\u00f2; simplement l&#8217;oblit. Un oblit que no desmereix sin\u00f3 aquells que mai no el van recordar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz i Beaumont <\/strong>(1553-1613) va n\u00e9ixer a Gendul\u00e1in, prop de Pamplona, \u200b\u200ben una fam\u00edlia de la petita noblesa navarresa. Va ser sens dubte un personatge excepcional: inventor, enginyer, cient\u00edfic, cosm\u00f2graf, soldat i espia, posse\u00efdor, a m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s, d&#8217;una forma i for\u00e7a f\u00edsica impressionant; aix\u00f2 \u00faltim d&#8217;acord amb all\u00f2 expressat per <strong>Lope de Vega<\/strong> a la seva obra <em>Lo que pasa en una tarde, <\/em>presentant-lo com un nou Alcides (H\u00e8rcules).<\/p>\n<p>Als 14 anys va entrar a prestar servei a la cort de <strong>Felip II<\/strong>. Destinat a la carrera militar, va participar a les <strong>campanyes de Tun\u00edsia i La Goleta (1573)<\/strong>, destinat despr\u00e9s a Mil\u00e0 (1574), on va romandre uns anys i es va posar al corrent dels progressos cient\u00edfics del moment. Am el seu <em>tercio<\/em> va rec\u00f3rrer <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camino_Espa%C3%B1ol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Cam\u00ed Espanyol<\/em><\/a> <\/span>cap a Flandes, on va destacar com a enginyer militar i va participar en diverses batalles \u2013<strong>Gembloux, Zierikzee<\/strong>\u2026-. Novament a Espanya el 1579, l&#8217;any seg\u00fcent va participar a la <strong>campanya de Portugal<\/strong>, destacant en aquest cas per descobrir i desarticular un complot franc\u00e8s per a assassinar Felip II. El 1582 va participar a la batalla naval d&#8217;Illa Terceira. Encara el 1589 va organitzar un destacament per acudir a la Corunya i rebutjar l&#8217;atac de la <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invencible_Inglesa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Contraarmada<\/span><\/a> de Drake<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Poc despr\u00e9s (1587) va ser nomenat regidor de M\u00farcia, on va dirigir la <strong>fortificaci\u00f3 del port de Cartagena<\/strong>. Aquest mateix any va ser tamb\u00e9 nomenat Administrador General de Mines del Regne. Es va dedicar a rec\u00f3rrer els jaciments de la Pen\u00ednsula i va estar a punt de morir pels gasos t\u00f2xics en una inspecci\u00f3 minera. Va idear la manera de millorar les penoses condicions en qu\u00e8 es trobaven les mines. Els dos grans problemes de la mineria eren l&#8217;acumulaci\u00f3 d&#8217;aigua a les galeries i la contaminaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;aire. Per a evacuar l&#8217;aigua, va construir un sif\u00f3 amb un intercanviador: amb l&#8217;aigua de la part superior, amb qu\u00e8 es netejaven els minerals, va generar l&#8217;energia necess\u00e0ria per elevar la dipositada a les galeries inferiors per mitj\u00e0 de la for\u00e7a del vapor propulsant el fluid a trav\u00e9s d&#8217;una canonada, i desaiguar aix\u00ed les galeries inundades. Amb aix\u00f2 estava aplicant a la pr\u00e0ctica la noci\u00f3 de pressi\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica mig segle abans del seu descobriment per<strong> Torricelli<\/strong>, i la din\u00e0mica de fluids abans de <strong>Bernoulli<\/strong>; havia inventat la m\u00e0quina de vapor. Pel que fa a l\u2019aire contaminat, refredava aire amb neu i l\u2019enviava a les galeries pel mateix procediment. En ser l\u2019aire fred m\u00e9s pesant, refrigerava les galeries i introdu\u00efa aire fresc respirable que expulsava el contaminat a l\u2019exterior. El primer principi de termodin\u00e0mica aplicat amb dos segles d\u2019anticipaci\u00f3. I el primer aire condicionat de la hist\u00f2ria, que va posar en pr\u00e0ctica a la mina de Guadalcanal i tamb\u00e9, dom\u00e8sticament, a casa seva.<\/p>\n<p>El 1599 va proposar davant la cort de Felip III un projecte de liberalitzaci\u00f3 del r\u00edgid sistema econ\u00f2mic econ\u00f2mic d&#8217;explotaci\u00f3 de les mines i organitzaci\u00f3 del treball, i un programa d&#8217;obertura d&#8217;escoles d&#8217;enginyeria minera. Projectes que van ser desestimats, tot i no quedar clar si el rebuig va ser perqu\u00e8 no se\u2019l va entendre o perqu\u00e8 se l\u2019havia ent\u00e8s massa b\u00e9; la modernitzaci\u00f3 i la ci\u00e8ncia comen\u00e7aven a no estar ben vistes en una Espanya ja aleshores cada cop m\u00e9s replegada sobre si mateixa.<\/p>\n<p>Poc despr\u00e9s, potser assumint que la cosa no donava m\u00e9s de si, va abandonar les activitats p\u00fabliques i es va dedicar a l&#8217;explotaci\u00f3 privada de la mina de Guadalcanal (Sevilla), de plata, i un jaciment d&#8217;or prop de l&#8217;Escorial.<\/p>\n<p>La llista dels seus invents, a m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s de la m\u00e0quina de vapor, \u00e9s interminable. Va construir <strong>equips de busseig<\/strong> provats amb \u00e8xit, una bomba de compressi\u00f3, un forn per obtenir aigua destil\u00b7lada a bord d&#8217;un vaixell, balances de precisi\u00f3, una br\u00faixola que indicava la declinaci\u00f3 magn\u00e8tica, l&#8217;estructura d&#8217;arc per a les preses dels embassaments, forns per a operacions metal\u00b7l\u00fargiques\u2026 Consten <strong>fins a 48 invents<\/strong> en el \u00ab<em>Privilegio de invenci\u00f3n<\/em>\u00bb, el registre de patents d\u2019aleshores. Invents que es van avan\u00e7ar en m\u00e9s d&#8217;un i dos segles als que es realitzarien a Anglaterra amb la revoluci\u00f3 industrial, on van obtenir millor acollida i continu\u00eftat.<\/p>\n<p>A la <em>Biblioteca Nacional<\/em> hi ha un document de diverses p\u00e0gines, impr\u00e8s el 1612, en qu\u00e8 explica els seus treballs d&#8217;experimentaci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica -amb una missiva adre\u00e7ada a <strong>Emanuel Filiberto de Savoia<\/strong>-, amb tractats sobre la compulsi\u00f3 d&#8217;elements, l&#8217;exist\u00e8ncia del buit, el moviment perpetu, l&#8217;esfera de foc i la caiguda dels cossos. Tamb\u00e9 va dissenyar un submar\u00ed, el mecanisme del qual s&#8217;ignora, per\u00f2 que pel que sembla va arribar a construir i pilotar ell mateix, tot i que d\u2019aix\u00f2 \u00faltim no hi ha proves.<\/p>\n<p>Va morir als seixanta anys a Madrid, el 23 de mar\u00e7 de 1613, probablement per causa d&#8217;una intoxicaci\u00f3 contreta en alguna mina. Va ser enterrat a la catedral de M\u00farcia. Ni els seus aconseguiments ni la seva obra van tenir continu\u00eftat. Potser si s&#8217;hagu\u00e9s at\u00e8s el seu programa d&#8217;escoles d&#8217;enginyeria tot hauria estat molt diferent, i potser mai ning\u00fa no hauria hagut de justificar la sequera cient\u00edfica espanyola amb aquell pretext jactanci\u00f3s que va ser el \u201c<strong><em>Que inventen ellos<\/em>!<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Font:\u00a0<strong>educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Drets:\u00a0<strong>Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Si hagu\u00e9s nascut en un altre lloc hauria estat sens dubte una figura mundialment celebrada i objecte de tractats literaris, sobre la seva vida, i cient\u00edfics, sobre la seva obra. Va registrar i va aplicar la primera m\u00e0quina de vapor cent anys per endavant de Savery, a Anglaterra, i dos segles abans que Watt la convert\u00eds en el talism\u00e0 de la Revoluci\u00f3 Industrial.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":32137,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[219],"tags":[3784,3783,3785,2420],"class_list":["post-32143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-ca","tag-inventor","tag-jeronimo-de-ayanz","tag-maquina-de-vapor","tag-revolucio-industrial"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz: cient\u00edfic, enginyer, soldat, espia, aventurer i inventor - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Si hagu\u00e9s nascut en un altre lloc hauria estat sens dubte una figura mundialment celebrada i objecte de tractats literaris, sobre la seva vida, i cient\u00edfics, sobre la seva obra. Va registrar i va aplicar la primera m\u00e0quina de vapor cent anys per endavant de Savery, a Anglaterra, i dos segles abans que Watt la convert\u00eds en el talism\u00e0 de la Revoluci\u00f3 Industrial.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz: cient\u00edfic, enginyer, soldat, espia, aventurer i inventor - Educational Evidence\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Si hagu\u00e9s nascut en un altre lloc hauria estat sens dubte una figura mundialment celebrada i objecte de tractats literaris, sobre la seva vida, i cient\u00edfics, sobre la seva obra. Va registrar i va aplicar la primera m\u00e0quina de vapor cent anys per endavant de Savery, a Anglaterra, i dos segles abans que Watt la convert\u00eds en el talism\u00e0 de la Revoluci\u00f3 Industrial.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Educational Evidence\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-15T07:51:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-16T07:45:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jeronimo-de-Ayanz.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"501\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"educational EVIDENCE\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Xavier Mass\u00f3\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minuts\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"educational EVIDENCE\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/91a8797f56f6a2e7ba6fd6297739bbf1\"},\"headline\":\"Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz: cient\u00edfic, enginyer, soldat, espia, aventurer i inventor\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-15T07:51:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-16T07:45:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1104,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/Jeronimo-de-Ayanz.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"inventor\",\"Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz\",\"m\u00e1quina de vapor\",\"Revoluci\u00f3 Industrial\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Ci\u00e8ncia\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/\",\"name\":\"Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz: cient\u00edfic, enginyer, soldat, espia, aventurer i inventor - Educational Evidence\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/Jeronimo-de-Ayanz.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-15T07:51:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-16T07:45:19+00:00\",\"description\":\"Si hagu\u00e9s nascut en un altre lloc hauria estat sens dubte una figura mundialment celebrada i objecte de tractats literaris, sobre la seva vida, i cient\u00edfics, sobre la seva obra. Va registrar i va aplicar la primera m\u00e0quina de vapor cent anys per endavant de Savery, a Anglaterra, i dos segles abans que Watt la convert\u00eds en el talism\u00e0 de la Revoluci\u00f3 Industrial.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/Jeronimo-de-Ayanz.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/Jeronimo-de-Ayanz.jpg\",\"width\":900,\"height\":501},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz: cient\u00edfic, enginyer, soldat, espia, aventurer i inventor\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"name\":\"Educational Evidence\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Educational Evidence\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png\",\"width\":3508,\"height\":1090,\"caption\":\"Educational Evidence\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/91a8797f56f6a2e7ba6fd6297739bbf1\",\"name\":\"educational EVIDENCE\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698\",\"caption\":\"educational EVIDENCE\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/educationalevidence.com\\\/\"],\"url\":\"\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz: cient\u00edfic, enginyer, soldat, espia, aventurer i inventor - Educational Evidence","description":"Si hagu\u00e9s nascut en un altre lloc hauria estat sens dubte una figura mundialment celebrada i objecte de tractats literaris, sobre la seva vida, i cient\u00edfics, sobre la seva obra. Va registrar i va aplicar la primera m\u00e0quina de vapor cent anys per endavant de Savery, a Anglaterra, i dos segles abans que Watt la convert\u00eds en el talism\u00e0 de la Revoluci\u00f3 Industrial.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz: cient\u00edfic, enginyer, soldat, espia, aventurer i inventor - Educational Evidence","og_description":"Si hagu\u00e9s nascut en un altre lloc hauria estat sens dubte una figura mundialment celebrada i objecte de tractats literaris, sobre la seva vida, i cient\u00edfics, sobre la seva obra. Va registrar i va aplicar la primera m\u00e0quina de vapor cent anys per endavant de Savery, a Anglaterra, i dos segles abans que Watt la convert\u00eds en el talism\u00e0 de la Revoluci\u00f3 Industrial.","og_url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/","og_site_name":"Educational Evidence","article_published_time":"2026-01-15T07:51:38+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-01-16T07:45:19+00:00","og_image":[{"width":900,"height":501,"url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jeronimo-de-Ayanz.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"educational EVIDENCE","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrit per":"Xavier Mass\u00f3","Temps estimat de lectura":"6 minuts"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/"},"author":{"name":"educational EVIDENCE","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/91a8797f56f6a2e7ba6fd6297739bbf1"},"headline":"Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz: cient\u00edfic, enginyer, soldat, espia, aventurer i inventor","datePublished":"2026-01-15T07:51:38+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-16T07:45:19+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/"},"wordCount":1104,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jeronimo-de-Ayanz.jpg","keywords":["inventor","Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz","m\u00e1quina de vapor","Revoluci\u00f3 Industrial"],"articleSection":["Ci\u00e8ncia"],"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/","name":"Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz: cient\u00edfic, enginyer, soldat, espia, aventurer i inventor - Educational Evidence","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jeronimo-de-Ayanz.jpg","datePublished":"2026-01-15T07:51:38+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-16T07:45:19+00:00","description":"Si hagu\u00e9s nascut en un altre lloc hauria estat sens dubte una figura mundialment celebrada i objecte de tractats literaris, sobre la seva vida, i cient\u00edfics, sobre la seva obra. Va registrar i va aplicar la primera m\u00e0quina de vapor cent anys per endavant de Savery, a Anglaterra, i dos segles abans que Watt la convert\u00eds en el talism\u00e0 de la Revoluci\u00f3 Industrial.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jeronimo-de-Ayanz.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Jeronimo-de-Ayanz.jpg","width":900,"height":501},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/jeronimo-de-ayanz-cientific-enginyer-soldat-espia-aventurer-i-inventor\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz: cient\u00edfic, enginyer, soldat, espia, aventurer i inventor"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/#website","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/","name":"Educational Evidence","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/#organization","name":"Educational Evidence","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/educational_evidence_logo_horitzontal_blanc_negatiu.png","width":3508,"height":1090,"caption":"Educational Evidence"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/91a8797f56f6a2e7ba6fd6297739bbf1","name":"educational EVIDENCE","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/e9888a11dc51b117a0209ebd4a5f884d.jpg?ver=1775638698","caption":"educational EVIDENCE"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/"],"url":""}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32143"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32763,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32143\/revisions\/32763"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}