{"id":30666,"date":"2025-10-28T08:58:22","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T07:58:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=30666"},"modified":"2025-10-28T08:58:32","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T07:58:32","slug":"burocracies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/burocracies\/","title":{"rendered":"Burocr\u00e0cies"},"content":{"rendered":"

Imatge generada per IA Franz Bachinger<\/span><\/a> \/\u00a0Pixabay<\/p>\n

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Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

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Andreu Navarra<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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Moshe Lewin<\/strong> (1921-2010), sovietista que va exercir la doc\u00e8ncia a la Universitat de Pennsilv\u00e0nia, ens va deixar el relat seg\u00fcent sobre l’evoluci\u00f3 del r\u00e8gim estalinista durant els anys trenta: “Sabem que les burocr\u00e0cies, per eficients o ineficients que siguin, no s\u00f3n una eina que sigui f\u00e0cil de doblegar. L’estalinisme confiava en solucionar els seus problemes \u00abdomant els domadors\u00bb, \u00e9s a dir, sotmetent els l\u00edders de la burocr\u00e0cia. Per\u00f2 aquest prop\u00f2sit es va estavellar contra un parany imprevist en qu\u00e8 va caure-hi tota la c\u00fapula. Havien concentrat a les seves mans un poder extraordinari, que justificaven emparant-se en les seves tasques. L’estrat\u00e8gia que empraven consistia a exercir des de la c\u00fapula una pressi\u00f3 asfixiant, la qual cosa tenia la seva l\u00f2gica. Que tantes decisions crucials depenguessin de la capacitat i del maquillatge psicol\u00f2gic d’un petit grup de dirigents<\/strong>, i de cadascun dels seus membres per separat, hauria pogut servir, a la vista dels fets, per a unificar i consolidar el grup\u201d.<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2 les coses no van sortir com s’esperava, i va arribar l’empantanegament. Continua Lewin: \u201cAix\u00f2 no obstant, en els voraginosos temps dels anys trenta, com m\u00e9s refor\u00e7ava la c\u00fapula el control sobre els mecanismes del poder, m\u00e9s intensa era la sensaci\u00f3 que les coses se’ls anaven de les mans, i a mesura que llegien informes o visitaven f\u00e0briques, pobles i ciutats, s’adonaven que la gent no complia les ordres<\/strong>, que ocultava la realitat tant com podia o que, simplement, era incapa\u00e7 de seguir el ritme que se\u2019ls havia fixat. Milers de directrius i decrets no s’havien portat a la pr\u00e0ctica, i tot aix\u00f2 va contribuir que s’estengu\u00e9s entre els dirigents la percepci\u00f3 que el seu poder era molt m\u00e9s fr\u00e0gil del que semblava. Compartien una sensaci\u00f3 d’inseguretat i de desorientaci\u00f3, i alguns van dubtar fins i tot de la validesa de les seves pol\u00edtiques\u201d.<\/p>\n

Va comen\u00e7ar a faltar la fe, i aquests l\u00edders es van anar lliurant cada vegada m\u00e9s als tics i morbos m\u00e9s purament autoritaris<\/strong>, \u00e9s a dir, autocr\u00e0tics: nom\u00e9s el m\u00e9s fort podia continuar tirant d\u2019aquest Leviatan monstru\u00f3s completament paralitzat i ab\u00falic. No s’adonaven que amb aix\u00f2 encara agreujaven m\u00e9s el problema<\/strong>, perqu\u00e8 l’aparen\u00e7a d’efic\u00e0cia no conjura cap mena d’in\u00e8rcia o esclerosi terminal. Lewin anomena aquest estat de coses \u201cparanoia sist\u00e8mica<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

El seu relat ens ajuda a comprendre qu\u00e8 est\u00e0 passant al sistema educatiu p\u00fablic occidental, europeu, espanyol i catal\u00e0. En fixar objectius impossibles, s’est\u00e9n el des\u00e0nim entre els docents<\/strong>. Centenars de directrius i ordres cauen en sac trencat (f\u00f3rmules bizantines d’avaluaci\u00f3, decrets d’inclusiva morts abans de n\u00e9ixer, refor\u00e7os acad\u00e8mics que tothom sap que mai no arribaran, atencions individualitzades que s\u00f3n una quimera; aquest tipus de coses); els equips pol\u00edtics pressionen els c\u00e0rrecs intermedis per tal que pressionin els equips directius, per tal que aquests, al seu torn, traslladin la paranoia als claustres. Es concentren els esfor\u00e7os en els simulacres, no en les realitats. Els claustres queden redu\u00efts a misses, la doc\u00e8ncia honrada \u00e9s considerada una heretgia, una forma intolerable de dissid\u00e8ncia. Un desafiament contra el poder o contra la seva lamentable cadena de comandament. El mite alumnec\u00e8ntric es converteix en una realitat purament propagand\u00edstica<\/strong>. Molts directors o caps d\u2019estudis es troben quotidianament a la vora de l\u2019esclat o de la crisi personal. Es poden veure afectats per la purga (o el mot\u00ed) en qualsevol moment: escodrinyen correus i rumors a la recerca del c\u00e0ncer acad\u00e8mic.<\/p>\n

Els diferents punts de vista als centres educatius prenen les proporcions d’aut\u00e8ntics cismes. Hi ha plantilles senceres que cauen en l’exasperaci\u00f3 i el mot\u00ed. El poder acaba convertit en un feix d’espasmes impotents: ja s’ha deixat d\u2019estar pendents de l’en\u00e8sim deliri d’una administraci\u00f3 que ja no pot garantir prou personal, ni unes l\u00ednies clares d’actuaci\u00f3, ni tan sols un programa m\u00ednim de reconstrucci\u00f3 interna. Al poder nom\u00e9s li val el fan\u00e0tic, el funcionari que ha aconseguit fer callar la seva consci\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2, \u00e9s clar, la c\u00fapula ha de seguir fingint que se sent forta, que sap cap on va. Cap a l’Home Nou hist\u00f2ric que s’albira, cap a la gran Escola del Ser<\/strong> que invocaven els propagandistes. La veritat \u00e9s que ja han deixat de llegir informes: la realitat \u00e9s el que m\u00e9s els molesta, i el seu principal problema de legitimaci\u00f3. Tots han de seguir fingint que tot va b\u00e9, que el Salt Endavant va a tot vent i ning\u00fa no dubta del seu \u00e8xit abassegador. A aquests l\u00edders se’ls nota a la milla que els seus propis dubtes els fan por. El cinisme va apoderant-se de totes les xarxes: \u00e9s impossible que un adult racional es cregui totes aquestes ximpleries i nicieses elaborades amb les seves neolleng\u00fces. Per aix\u00f2 el nostre sistema educatiu ha anat agafant aquesta aroma inconfusible de les administracions estancades, incapaces de maniobrar, de sortir dels seus propis laberints mentals, i l’\u00fanica cosa que sap fer \u00e9s aprofundir en els seus propis dogmes i seguir condicionat al b\u00fanquer de la nul\u00b7litat pedagogista<\/strong>. Caigui qui caigui i peti qui peti, contra el m\u00f3n, contra els errors de la ciutadania escandalitzada, contra les conviccions m\u00ednimes que ha de tenir un docent. El nostre sistema educatiu p\u00fablic va caient tamb\u00e9 a la \u201cparanoia sist\u00e8mica\u201d, i que les opcions de pagament siguin l’\u00fanica escapat\u00f2ria per a qui les pugui pagar. Aquests appar\u00e0txik pedagogistes per a qui treballen en realitat \u00e9s per als privatitzadors de tot l\u2019entrallat.<\/p>\n

Potser torni la vergonya, potser torni l’honestedat<\/strong>. \u00d2bviament, la sortida passa per la democratitzaci\u00f3 interna, per la pluralitat metodol\u00f2gica i la confian\u00e7a entre institucions, el sanejament dels comptes, el final de la desviaci\u00f3 descarada dels fons, i la fi de l’imperi dels mediocres que oculten \u00abpelotazos\u00bb<\/strong>. Per\u00f2 per a aix\u00f2 caldria posar-se a pensar, i plantar-se davant dels suborns i els cants de sirena d’un grapat de multinacionals. Necessitar\u00edem tancar les portes girat\u00f2ries, exigir responsabilitats i obrir totes les finestres. Llevar totes les teranyines que hi ha all\u00ed a dins des d’aproximadament 1985. I d’aquesta manera, en comptes d’un Txern\u00f2bil educatiu tindr\u00edem, potser per primera vegada, un sistema educatiu basat en el dret de l’alumnat a aprendre i ser tractat amb dignitat i sense paternalismes<\/strong> perqu\u00e8 pugui decidir el seu propi futur, no el que ens convingui a nosaltres.<\/p>\n

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Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Moshe Lewin (1921-2010), sovietista que va exercir la doc\u00e8ncia a la Universitat de Pennsilv\u00e0nia, ens va deixar el relat seg\u00fcent sobre l’evoluci\u00f3 del r\u00e8gim estalinista durant els anys trenta: “Sabem que les burocr\u00e0cies, per eficients o ineficients que siguin, no s\u00f3n una eina que sigui f\u00e0cil de doblegar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":30701,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[240],"tags":[3489,3492,3493],"class_list":["post-30666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinio","tag-burocracies","tag-moshe-lewin-ca","tag-paranoia-sistemica-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nBurocr\u00e0cies - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Moshe Lewin (1921-2010), sovietista que va exercir la doc\u00e8ncia a la Universitat de Pennsilv\u00e0nia, ens va deixar el relat seg\u00fcent sobre l'evoluci\u00f3 del r\u00e8gim estalinista durant els anys trenta: "Sabem que les burocr\u00e0cies, per eficients o ineficients que siguin, no s\u00f3n una eina que sigui f\u00e0cil de doblegar.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/burocracies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Burocr\u00e0cies - 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