{"id":30490,"date":"2025-10-23T08:54:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T06:54:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=30490"},"modified":"2025-10-23T08:56:30","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T06:56:30","slug":"la-ment-dels-erectus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/la-ment-dels-erectus\/","title":{"rendered":"La ment dels erectus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Crani de Kocaba\u015f<\/span><\/a>. \/ Foto: Wikimedia. Autor: Erturac<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

David Rabad\u00e0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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Homo erectus<\/em><\/strong> va marcar un abans i un despr\u00e9s en l’evoluci\u00f3 humana. La ra\u00f3 va ser que la seva ment va revolucionar la capacitat d’inventiva entre els nostres parents. De fet, i durant la seva evoluci\u00f3, va millorar les seves t\u00e8cniques i estrat\u00e8gies per a gestionar els recursos. Prova d’aix\u00f2 va ser la nova modalitat de talla de l\u00edtics, els bifa\u00e7os o Mode II<\/strong>, que van evolucionar entre els 1,6 i els 2 milions d\u2019anys. Per\u00f2 la cosa no es va quedar all\u00ed ja que va arribar a establir fogates estables fa m\u00e9s d’un mili\u00f3 d’anys. Posem pel cas els jaciments de Koobi Fora i Swartkrans a Sud-\u00e0frica, tot aix\u00f2 a un ter\u00e7 de la seva exist\u00e8ncia, ara fa uns 1,6 milions d’anys. El major consum de carn en la seva dieta i l’\u00fas del foc al cuinar, van afavorir una alimentaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s tova, fet que obria noves adaptacions mentre els ximpanz\u00e9s i els bonobos s’estaven diversificant tamb\u00e9 per \u00c0frica.<\/p>\n

La vida en grup dels erectus<\/em> i la seva capacitat de programar la recerca de recursos, ens parla de com era la seva ment, una ment social. D’haver evolucionat cap a la individualitat s’hauria topat amb la depredaci\u00f3 per grans felins i amb la compet\u00e8ncia de les hienes. Homo<\/em> i aquestes van pugnar per la carn i el moll de l\u2019os durant mil\u00b7lennis. Aix\u00ed doncs erectus<\/em> va evolucionar cap a la cohesi\u00f3 i la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 grupals<\/strong> evitant la compet\u00e8ncia extrema amb altres carn\u00edvors. La prova \u00e9s que en erectus<\/em> es va expandir una part del cervell relacionada directament amb el reconeixement d’individus, el seu neoc\u00f2rtex. Aix\u00f2 va comportar un cervell m\u00e9s gran<\/strong> i el doble d\u2019encefalitzat que els simis anteriors. I ja hem dit que un \u00f2rgan aix\u00ed consumia moltes m\u00e9s calories que el dels seus avantpassats. L’actual cervell hum\u00e0 consumeix entre el 20 i el 25% del que ingerim, m\u00e9s del doble que la majoria de primats actuals. Els c\u00f2mputs per a erectus<\/em> dona valors superiors al 17% mentre que per als Australopithecus s\u2019estima el 9 i l\u201911%, una dada similar als ximpanz\u00e9s actuals.<\/p>\n

Per tant, el cervell dels erectus<\/em> va esdevenir un teixit cel\u00b7lular molt car de mantenir, i on tornar-se m\u00e9s carn\u00edvors va ser gaireb\u00e9 obligatori, \u00e9s a dir, l\u2019encefalitzaci\u00f3 va impulsar la dieta prote\u00ednica i no a l’inrev\u00e9s. Per a aix\u00f2 erectus<\/em> va continuar potenciant l’\u00fas de l\u00edtics per a obtenir el moll i la carn dels ossos. De fet sabem que erectus<\/em> es va tornar molt carn\u00edvor per altres raons. Cal esmentar l’exemplar afric\u00e0 KNM-ER1808 on s’observen grans deformacions \u00f2ssies degudes a l’ab\u00fas de la ingesta de fetge, o les abundants restes d\u2019animals en els jaciments excavats dels erectus. Sabem, per exemple, que els erectus consumien grans quantitats de prote\u00efna dels animals<\/strong> que vivien pels seus voltants com cocodrils, peix o tortugues fa 1,95 milions d’anys. Potser aix\u00f2 inspiri una campanya publicit\u00e0ria dels ramaders en contra dels vegetarians dient <<L\u2019est i l\u2019oest no el van conquerir amb verdures>>, per\u00f2 crec que aquestes ironies paleontol\u00f2giques dels erectus<\/em> no assolirien una \u00e0mplia comprensi\u00f3 entre els sapiens<\/em>.<\/p>\n

L\u2019encefalitzaci\u00f3 dels erectus<\/em> i la seva vida social no van fer evolucionar encara la gran fita dels sapiens<\/em>, la parla articulada. La prova la tenim entre les obertures entre v\u00e8rtebra i v\u00e8rtebra. Aquestes eren molt estretes sense permetre el pas de nervis amplis que regulessin el diafragma, una cosa summament necess\u00e0ria per a la parla articulada. Per tant, la parla articulada i el pensament abstracte dels sapiens, no se suposa encara en la ment dels erectus<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Aix\u00f2 no obstant, s\u00ed que va haver-hi una cosa que van compartir erectus<\/em> i sapiens a nivell del seu cervell, el canal de part de les seves dones. Amb un cap tan gran dels nadons, les dones podien parir o no en funci\u00f3 de l\u2019amplada de la seva pelvis. Aqu\u00ed l\u2019evoluci\u00f3 va fer el que havia de fer, o resoldre el tema, o provocar l\u2019extinci\u00f3 del grup. Si avui dia estem llegint aquestes p\u00e0gines \u00e9s que la primera opci\u00f3 va prevaldre. La soluci\u00f3 fou quelcom vinculat amb la neot\u00e8nia humana que ja hem explicat anteriorment. En posseir les cries un cervell major nom\u00e9s hi havia una soluci\u00f3 per a n\u00e9ixer, parts prematurs. Sembla ser, i a partir dels erectus, que les cries naixien abans del seu desenvolupament per a poder passar pel canal de part. I al parir-los tan immadurs, esdevenien menys independents que els beb\u00e8s dels ximpanz\u00e9s i goril\u00b7les actuals. \u00c9s a dir, el per\u00edode d’aprenentatge es va allargar en Homo<\/em> respecte als nostres parents<\/strong> i va potenciar la millora dels nuclis socials per tal de permetre-ho.<\/p>\n

Si ara analitzem en el seu conjunt a erectus<\/em>, aquest va endegar una bola de neu que va amplificar la seva encefalitzaci\u00f3 i millores culturals. En potenciar la seva dieta carn\u00edvora, el seu cervell va quedar m\u00e9s ben alimentat, \u00f2rgan el qual resultava fonamental per a millorar la cohesi\u00f3 social i la fabricaci\u00f3 de l\u00edtics, que al seu torn optimitzaven l’obtenci\u00f3 de recursos per a continuar sent carn\u00edvors. Per\u00f2 la mateixa dieta tova va ajudar a la reducci\u00f3 mandibular que, i al seu torn, va permetre l’expansi\u00f3 de la cavitat encef\u00e0lica. Les estructures biol\u00f2giques s\u2019equilibren durant el seu desenvolupament, per tant a menor massa mandibular, major possibilitat de creixement entre parietals i occipitals. \u00c9s a dir, all\u00f2 afavoria la reducci\u00f3 mandibular a costa d’una major expansi\u00f3 cranial. La prova dels bucles anteriors va ser que erectus<\/em> va augmentar significativament la seva capacitat cranial durant tota la seva evoluci\u00f3. Aquesta va passar d’uns 800 c. c. inicials a m\u00e9s de 1.300 al final de la seva exist\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n

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Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Homo erectus va marcar un abans i un despr\u00e9s en l’evoluci\u00f3 humana. La ra\u00f3 va ser que la seva ment va revolucionar la capacitat d’inventiva entre els nostres parents. 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