{"id":30436,"date":"2025-10-16T08:55:02","date_gmt":"2025-10-16T06:55:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=30436"},"modified":"2025-10-16T08:55:16","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T06:55:16","slug":"onze-dies-per-a-matar-un-professor-en-memoria-de-samuel-paty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/onze-dies-per-a-matar-un-professor-en-memoria-de-samuel-paty\/","title":{"rendered":"Onze dies per a matar un professor. En mem\u00f2ria de Samuel Paty"},"content":{"rendered":"

Flors en homenatge a Samuel Paty davant l’institut Bois d\u2019Aulne<\/a>, a Conflans-Sainte-Honorine (Fran\u00e7a). \/ Wikimedia<\/a><\/span>. Autor: Silanoc<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

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Bianca Thoilliez<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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Fa cinc anys, un divendres 16 d’octubre, un professor va sortir de classe. Es deia Samuel Paty<\/strong>, tenia 47 anys, ensenyava Hist\u00f2ria i Geografia<\/strong> en un institut p\u00fablic de Conflans-Sainte-Honorine (Fran\u00e7a). No va poder tornar a casa perqu\u00e8 el van matar a la sortida del centre, a pocs metres dels alumnes amb qui havia compartit la darrera hora de classe. El van matar per haver complert el seu deure: ensenyar.<\/p>\n

Tot va comen\u00e7ar onze dies abans. En el marc del programa oficial sobre educaci\u00f3 c\u00edvica i moral, Samuel va preparar una classe titulada \u201cSer o no ser Charlie<\/em><\/strong>\u201d, tot seguint els materials pedag\u00f2gics proporcionats pel propi Ministeri d’Educaci\u00f3 franc\u00e8s. No va inventar-se res, no va buscar pol\u00e8mica: va aplicar les directrius de la Rep\u00fablica sobre la llibertat de consci\u00e8ncia i la llibertat d\u2019expressi\u00f3. Amb una delicadesa de fet admirable, abans de projectar les caricatures de Mahoma del setmanari Charlie Hebdo<\/em><\/strong> (durant tot just uns segons), va avisar els alumnes que podien apartar-ne la mirada o sortir de l’aula si se sentien inc\u00f2modes. Ning\u00fa va protestar<\/strong>. No hi va haver ni un gest de provocaci\u00f3. Nom\u00e9s un professor complint el mandat m\u00e9s vell de l\u2019escola republicana: ensenyar a pensar sense por.<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2 fora de l’aula es va desencadenar una altra hist\u00f2ria. Una alumna<\/strong>, que aquell dia ni tan sols va assistir a classe, va mentir<\/strong>. Va dir que havia estat \u201cexpulsada per ser musulmana\u201d<\/strong> i que el professor havia mostrat \u201cimatges pornogr\u00e0fiques del profeta\u201d. El seu pare, un home amb antecedents i radicalitzat, va pujar l\u2019acusaci\u00f3 a Facebook, va donar nom, cognoms, direcci\u00f3 del centre i tel\u00e8fon. Va convidar altres a \u201cdenunciar aquest malalt\u201d. El missatge el va recollir un agitador islamista professional, fitxat per radicalitzaci\u00f3, que es va dir a si mateix que estava davant l’oportunitat perfecta: un professor blasfem, un pare indignat, una comunitat ofesa. En pocs dies, amb v\u00eddeos i missatges, amb noms i adreces, una mentida infantil es va transformar en una campanya d’odi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Mentrestant, l’engranatge institucional va fer el que massa sovint acostuma a fer: protegir-se a si mateix. La direcci\u00f3 del centre va obrir una \u201cincid\u00e8ncia greu\u201d en qu\u00e8 se suggeria que \u201cun professor\u201d havia atemptat contra la neutralitat laica. El \u201creferent de la\u00efcitat\u201d enviat per l’administraci\u00f3, en comptes de donar suport al Samuel, el va amonestar amb to paternal: \u201csi un curs fereix un pare, no s’ha d’impartir\u201d. Alguns col\u00b7legues, en comptes de fer pinya, se\u2019n van desmarcar: \u201cSamuel l’ha espifiada\u201d, van escriure<\/strong>. I l’Estat, que coneixia els antecedents de l’agitador, va preferir considerar l’amena\u00e7a de nivell baix. Amb onze dies n’hi va haver prou perqu\u00e8 la mentida d’una alumna absent desemboqu\u00e9s en una f\u00e0tua p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n

Durant aquests dies, Samuel va continuar fent classe. Dormia poc i malament. Va canviar d’itinerari per anar a l’institut, caminava tapat amb caputxa, va demanar a un col\u00b7lega que \u201cl’escort\u00e9s\u201d en sortir. Portava un martell a la motxilla: el martell de la por, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 del coratge. No es volia amagar. Va pensar, potser, que, si cedia ell, perdria alguna cosa m\u00e9s que la seva vida professional: es perdia el principi que fa possible qualsevol ensenyament, que una aula no pot estar governada per les amenaces<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

El dia dels fets, a les cinc de la tarda, l\u2019assass\u00ed l\u2019esperava a la sortida. Era un jove de 18 anys, radicalitzat tamb\u00e9, que havia pagat diversos alumnes perqu\u00e8 assenyalessin \u201cel professor de les caricatures\u201d. Quan Samuel va creuar el reixat, el va seguir uns metres, el va atacar, el va degollar i va publicar la foto a Twitter amb un missatge dirigit a Emmanuel Macron<\/strong>: \u201cHe executat un dels teus gossos de l’infern\u201d. Un home que ensenyava a adolescents que la llibertat tamb\u00e9 consisteix a escoltar el que pensa diferent, redu\u00eft a trofeu de propaganda.<\/p>\n

Al llarg dels onze dies previs al seu assassinat, hi va haver tot un seguit d\u2019errades, de passivitat, de por. La por dels responsables educatius a \u201cfaire des vagues<\/em>\u201d, una cosa aix\u00ed com ara por a \u201cembolicar la troca\u201d. La por dels companys a veure\u2019s assenyalats. La por pol\u00edtica de d\u2019anomenar l’islamisme radical sense demanar disculpes preventives. Un professor amena\u00e7at que no va ser protegit i que va morir perqu\u00e8 l\u2019Estat es va equivocar d\u2019enemic<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

I aquesta por no ha desaparegut. Al centre on treballava Samuel, cinc anys despr\u00e9s, el seu nom encara no figura a la fa\u00e7ana ni hi ha plaques que recordin els fets que hi van succeir. Quan alg\u00fa proposa que el centre porti el seu nom, molts s’hi oposen \u201cper tal de no crear tensions\u201d. En alguns instituts francesos, els alumnes utilitzen el seu nom com a amena\u00e7a: \u201cEt far\u00e9 un Samuel Paty\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Els pol\u00edtics repeteixen que s\u2019ha acabat el \u201cpas de vagues<\/em>\u201d, el \u201cno emboliquem la troca\u201d. Per\u00f2 avui a molts pa\u00efsos europeus hi ha professors que preparen les seves classes amb por que una fotografia, un v\u00eddeo o una frase mal interpretada els puguin arru\u00efnar la vida. La por com a criteri pedag\u00f2gic<\/strong>. I no hi ha educaci\u00f3 possible quan la covardia es disfressa de prud\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n

La toler\u00e0ncia no consisteix a callar davant de l’intolerant, sin\u00f3 a protegir els espais per poder parlar-nos sense por. Samuel Paty va ser assassinat perqu\u00e8 les autoritats administratives van confondre la toler\u00e0ncia amb la ren\u00fancia<\/strong>: van creure que per conviure n’hi havia prou amb no ofendre. Per\u00f2 quan l’\u00fanica manera de conviure \u00e9s el silenci, ja no hi ha conviv\u00e8ncia, nom\u00e9s por administrada.<\/p>\n

La lli\u00e7\u00f3 de Samuel Paty no \u00e9s nom\u00e9s francesa. \u00c9s europea, \u00e9s civilitzadora. Perqu\u00e8 una democr\u00e0cia pot sobreviure millor a la viol\u00e8ncia que a l’autocensura. Perqu\u00e8 quan la por defineix els l\u00edmits del que es pot dir, la llibertat deixa de ser un dret i es converteix en un privilegi nom\u00e9s a l’abast dels temeraris. I l’aula deixa de ser espai de pensament i s\u2019esdev\u00e9 territori de sospita. L’islamisme que va matar Paty va saber perfectament on colpejar: no contra un pol\u00edtic ni un policia, sin\u00f3 contra l’escola<\/strong>, el lloc on tots aprenem a deixar de ser tribu per a comen\u00e7ar a ser ciutadans.<\/p>\n

L’assassinat de Samuel no es resol nom\u00e9s castigant els culpables (ja hi ha judicis, sent\u00e8ncies, apel\u00b7lacions), sin\u00f3 assumint tamb\u00e9 responsabilitats pol\u00edtiques i morals<\/strong>. Cal dir, sense eufemismes, que l’islamisme radical no \u00e9s una \u201cdesviaci\u00f3 religiosa\u201d, sin\u00f3 una ideologia totalit\u00e0ria que fa servir la fe com a coartada. Que els qui van propagar la mentida d’aquella alumna, els qui van reactivar la maquin\u00e0ria de l’odi<\/strong>, sabien perfectament el que feien. I que la neutralitat no consisteix en callar davant del fanatisme, sin\u00f3 en defensar la llibertat de tots davant dels qui volen imposar el seu dogma a tothom.<\/p>\n

Cinc anys despr\u00e9s, el que m\u00e9s colpeix \u00e9s la indifer\u00e8ncia<\/strong>. La facilitat amb qu\u00e8 Europa fabrica amn\u00e8sia. Cada 16 d\u2019octubre hi ha discursos, corones, minuts de silenci. Per\u00f2 a massa aules franceses, parlar de caricatures continua sent \u201cdelicat\u201d. A massa mitjans, dir \u201cterrorisme islamista\u201d<\/strong> continua exigint una justificaci\u00f3 pr\u00e8via. A massa despatxos, la prioritat continua sent \u201cque no hi hagi conflicte\u201d<\/strong>. I mentrestant, un professor decapitat es converteix en la met\u00e0fora del que no volem veure: que la por mana on abans ho feia la ra\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ho hem de recordar avui, no per lamentar el passat, sin\u00f3 per advertir el present. Perqu\u00e8 el que Monsieur Paty defensava no era una idea abstracta: era el principi que sost\u00e9 tota la resta. Que la llibertat no es negocia, ni s’adapta a les susceptibilitats del fan\u00e0tic, ni es rebaixa per evitar el sobresalt del violent. Que educar \u00e9s ensenyar a distingir entre el dret a no ser insultat i el deure de suportar all\u00f2 que ens incomoda. I que, sense aquests l\u00edmits, l’escola passa a convertir-se en un refugi precari de les nostres covardies naturalitzades.<\/p>\n

Samuel Paty no buscava ser cap heroi. Volia ensenyar b\u00e9 la seva mat\u00e8ria, que els alumnes entenguessin per qu\u00e8 una democr\u00e0cia necessita protegir fins i tot les idees que detestem. No va tenir escorta, no va tenir suport, no va tenir temps. Per\u00f2 el que ens va deixar \u00e9s una advert\u00e8ncia: no es pot fer classe amb por. Ni a Fran\u00e7a, ni a Espanya, ni a cap pa\u00eds que pretengui continuar sent lliure. Cinc anys despr\u00e9s, el seu nom hauria de significar aix\u00f2: el l\u00edmit que no es pot tornar a creuar.<\/p>\n

Perqu\u00e8 despr\u00e9s de la paraula decapitaci\u00f3, no es posa un \u201cper\u00f2\u201d. Nom\u00e9s un punt. I una promesa: que la classe continu\u00ef<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Flors en homenatge a Samuel Paty davant l’institut Bois d\u2019Aulne, a Conflans-Sainte-Honorine (Fran\u00e7a). \/ Wikimedia. Autor: Silanoc\u00a0     Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons   Bianca Thoilliez   Fa cinc anys, un divendres 16 d’octubre, un professor va sortir de classe. Es deia Samuel Paty, tenia 47 anys, ensenyava Hist\u00f2ria i Geografia en un institut p\u00fablic de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":30430,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[240],"tags":[3452,3449,664,3450,2534,3448,3447,3451],"class_list":["post-30436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinio","tag-charlie-hebdo-ca","tag-conflicte","tag-escola","tag-gihadisme","tag-indiferencia","tag-llibertat","tag-odi","tag-samuel-paty-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nOnze dies per a matar un professor. 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