{"id":28982,"date":"2025-09-23T08:56:25","date_gmt":"2025-09-23T06:56:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=28982"},"modified":"2025-09-23T08:56:37","modified_gmt":"2025-09-23T06:56:37","slug":"simone-de-beauvoir-a-moscou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/simone-de-beauvoir-a-moscou\/","title":{"rendered":"Simone de Beauvoir a Moscou"},"content":{"rendered":"

Simone de Beauvoir a Moscou<\/h1>\n
\"\"
Simone de Beauvoir en 1967 \/ Wikimedia. Autor: Por Moshe Milner – Crop of File:Flickr – Government Press Office (GPO) – Jean Paul Sartre and Simone De Beauvoir welcomed by Avraham Shlonsky and Leah Goldberg.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=39952804\u00a0<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Andreu Navarra<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Quan un escriptor viatja a un lloc i no pret\u00e9n demostrar res, com va fer Montserrat Roig<\/strong>, que va descriure borratxos i a la vegada tresors daurats, \u00e9s possible que investigui prou detalls com per a oferir una cr\u00f2nica de viatges viable. Simone de Beauvoir<\/strong>, als anys seixanta, ens va deixar par\u00e0grafs molt exactes sobre Moscou i altres indrets de la Uni\u00f3 Sovi\u00e8tica, per\u00f2 no els va afegir a un relat period\u00edstic o diar\u00edstic, sin\u00f3 a la seva novel\u00b7la Malent\u00e8s a Moscou <\/em>(1966-67)<\/strong>, un prodigi d\u2019introspecci\u00f3. Navona la va recuperar fa pocs anys, en traducci\u00f3 d\u2019August Rafanell<\/strong>. Amb una trama m\u00ednima (un matrimoni franc\u00e8s ja vell viatja a l\u2019URSS per a passar un mes amb la Masha, la filla russa que el marit va tenir amb un amor anterior), el que se li desplega al lector \u00e9s una reflexi\u00f3 sobre la decad\u00e8ncia del cos, les desil\u00b7lusions de la maduresa, el fet de ser dona i la naturalesa del passat i dels records. I tot aix\u00f2 sense un sol t\u00f2pic sobre l\u2019amor, el sexe o la crian\u00e7a.<\/p>\n

Per tant no ens trobem, ni de bon tros, davant d\u2019un text colorista. Tanmateix, els tra\u00e7os i dibuixos de Beauvoir sobre les ciutats sovi\u00e8tiques<\/strong> s\u00f3n dels millors de l\u2019\u00e8poca. Podr\u00edem dir que, per exemple, coneixia Moscou perfectament perqu\u00e8 havia respirat com la ciutat mateixa: \u201cL\u2019estaci\u00f3 era d\u2019un verd cridaner: el verd moscovita. (\u201cSi aix\u00f2 no t\u2019agrada, no t\u2019agrada Moscou\u201d, deia l\u2019Andr\u00e9 tres anys abans.) El carrer Gorki. L\u2019hotel Pequ\u00edn: modesta mona de Pasqua, en vist els edificis gegantins i enfarfegats, pretesament inspirats en el Kremlin, que despuntaven per tota la ciutat. La Nicole es recordava de tot. I des del moment que va sortir del cotxe, va recon\u00e8ixer l\u2019olor de Moscou, una pudor de benzina, encara m\u00e9s violenta que el 1963, sens dubte perqu\u00e8 els vehicles hi eren molt m\u00e9s nombrosos\u201d.<\/p>\n

Aquests fragments de realitat sovi\u00e8tica anuncien el m\u00f3n narratiu de Serguei Dovl\u00e0tov<\/strong>, el m\u00f3n de la R\u00fassia real on ja ning\u00fa no creia en gran cosa i on el moralisme del KGB<\/strong> havia succe\u00eft els excessos homicides, i potser per aix\u00f2 era possible refugiar-se en una desgana ir\u00f2nica entre existencial i alcoh\u00f2lica. En el per\u00edode de Khrusxov<\/strong>, encara hi ha una minoria m\u00e9s o menys jove que lluita en nom del \u201cliberalisme\u201d cultural contra l\u2019\u201dacademicisme\u201d post estalinista. Encara es podia flairar una certa fe amb qu\u00e8 tot plegat podria ser redre\u00e7at, tot i que el sistema fos incapa\u00e7, per exemple, burocr\u00e0ticament momificat, de fabricar cadires per a escoles infantils, o de garantir certs avituallaments.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e8mores i les inversemblants limitacions per als estrangers encara eren presents: \u201cAix\u00f2 ja els havia desconcertat el 1963. A les cues \u2013davant del Mausoleu, al GUM<\/strong> [Glavi Universani Magaz\u00edn, uns grans magatzems], a les portes dels restaurants- amb un sol mot de la Masha la gent s\u2019enretirava per deixar-los passar. Tot i aix\u00f2, a Crimea s\u2019havien trobat prohibicions a tot arreu. Tant la costa oriental com Seb\u00e0stopol estaven prohibits als estrangers. L\u2019Inturist al\u00b7legava que la carretera de muntanya que uneix Ialta amb Simfer\u00f2pol estava en obres. Per\u00f2 alg\u00fa havia xerrat a la Masha que realment nom\u00e9s estava tancada pels estrangers\u201d. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s con\u00e8ixer els racons i les gents d\u2019un pa\u00eds en un moment determinat, amb les carreteres, els rumors, i les flors i el fum, sense filtres o manipulacions abstractes.<\/p>\n

L\u2019autora s\u2019afegeix a una observaci\u00f3 universal entre els viatgers que repetien l\u2019experi\u00e8ncia d\u2019anar a la Uni\u00f3 Sovi\u00e8tica: el pa\u00eds evolucionava molt r\u00e0pidament, a glopades: \u201cMoscou havia canviat una mica; m\u00e9s aviat s\u2019havia enlletgit. (Ll\u00e0stima que els canvis es facin gaireb\u00e9 sempre en la mala direcci\u00f3, tant pels llocs com per les persones.) S\u2019hi havien obert avingudes i tirat a terra antics barris. Vedada als cotxes, la Pla\u00e7a Roja semblava m\u00e9s vasta i m\u00e9s solemne: un lloc sagrat. Desgraciadament, mentre que abans l\u2019esgl\u00e9sia de Sant Basili s\u2019enfilava cap el cel , ara un hotel immens tapava l\u2019horitz\u00f3\u201d. \u00bfI si aquesta novel\u00b7la sobre records pansits, il\u00b7lusions perdudes, cossos arrugats i \u00e0nimes gla\u00e7ades per la guerra d\u2019Alg\u00e8ria trac\u00e9s un paral\u00b7lelisme entre la decad\u00e8ncia del m\u00f3n sovi\u00e8tic, corcat per les contradiccions, i la decad\u00e8ncia de les persones que hi havien cregut alguna vegada, incloent-hi aspectes purament materials i corporals? \u201cEl dia abans, a Vladimir, era la pen\u00faria<\/strong>. El restaurant no servia ni peix ni xai ni aviram ni llegums ni fruita: nom\u00e9s uns guisats que la Nicole i la Masha trobaven incomestibles. El pa, ni negre ni blanc, tenia gust de goma ar\u00e0biga. Al davant de l\u2019hotel, la gent feia cua per comprar unes coques dures com una sola de sabata. I resultava que aquest mat\u00ed unes dones sortien del pavell\u00f3 carregades amb garlandes de br\u00e8tzels i amb els cabassos plens a vessar d\u2019aliments. Van encarregar uns pastissos i uns entrepans d\u2019ou i formatge, excel\u00b7lents\u201d. Era el caos m\u00e9s o menys assumit, la contradicci\u00f3 constant, que Masha atribueix, ben encaminada, a l\u2019esclerosi burocr\u00e0tica.<\/p>\n

Decididament la ciutat semblava m\u00e9s trista, i una mica m\u00e9s incomprensible i bruta: \u201cDurant els \u00faltims tres anys, s\u2019havien constru\u00eft bastants caf\u00e8s. De fora no eren lletjos, amb les parets de vidre; per\u00f2 de dintre semblaven lleteries: els faltava confort i intimitat\u201d.<\/p>\n

Andr\u00e9 i Masha, pare i filla i gaireb\u00e9 uns desconeguts, no paren de discutir de pol\u00edtica. Per al pare, el Socialisme \u00e9s una lluita abstracta, impulsada pels principis; per\u00f2 Masha viu<\/em> a Moscou, i defensa l\u2019exist\u00e8ncia d\u2019ind\u00fastria lleugera i cultura del confort. Sembla que l\u2019autora ja estigu\u00e9s farta i cansada de tot plegat, de les \u00e8piques dels anys vint i trenta i dels fantasmes de mig segle despr\u00e9s: \u201cAmb tot, si l\u2019URSS s\u2019instal\u00b7lava en la coexist\u00e8ncia pac\u00edfica, el socialisme hauria d\u2019esperar. Quantes esperances decebudes! A Fran\u00e7a, el Front Popular, la Resist\u00e8ncia, l\u2019emancipaci\u00f3 del Tercer M\u00f3n no havien fet recular ni un pam el capitalisme\u201d. La guerra at\u00f2mica flota en l\u2019ambient: la Masha desitja ajudar al Socialisme internacional, per\u00f2 no al preu de la destrucci\u00f3 massiva. No feia ni cinc anys, diuen els historiadors, que Khrusxov no havia premut el bot\u00f3 nuclear perqu\u00e8, en definitiva, era un marxista amb fe i volia veure en vida uns EUA convertits al comunisme, i no transformats en cendres. Destruir-los era una mena de frac\u00e0s. En una carta, Castro li havia exigit acabar amb mig mon en uns minuts…<\/p>\n

Beauvoir va saber arrodonir una novel\u00b7la molt filos\u00f2ficament po\u00e8tica, o molt po\u00e8ticament filos\u00f2fica, amb fragments visionaris: \u201cEstaria b\u00e9, solia pensar, que el passat fos un paisatge en qu\u00e8 un pogu\u00e9s passejar a cor qu\u00e8 vols, i descobrir-ne a poc a poc els meandres i els replecs. Per\u00f2 no. Podia recitar noms i dates com l\u2019alumne que recita una lli\u00e7\u00f3 ben apresa. Hi tenia la m\u00e0 trencada; com tamb\u00e9 en les imatges mutilades, esmorte\u00efdes, tan est\u00e0tiques com les d\u2019un vell llibre d\u2019hist\u00f2ria. Sorgien arbitr\u00e0riament sobre un fons blanc\u201d. Per acabar-ho d\u2019adobar, l\u2019Andr\u00e9 ja no recorda gaireb\u00e9 res de les seves lluites, viv\u00e8ncies i aspiracions culturals. De la vida intel\u00b7lectualment activa, sembla que ja no en quedi pr\u00e0cticament res. Al final de la seva traject\u00f2ria, sembla que Simone de Beauvoir va ser molt cr\u00edtica amb la<\/strong> manca de llibertats civils a l\u2019URSS.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quan un escriptor viatja a un lloc i no pret\u00e9n demostrar res, com va fer Montserrat Roig, que va descriure borratxos i a la vegada tresors daurats, \u00e9s possible que investigui prou detalls com per a oferir una cr\u00f2nica de viatges viable. Simone de Beauvoir, als anys seixanta, ens va deixar par\u00e0grafs molt exactes sobre Moscou i altres indrets de la Uni\u00f3 Sovi\u00e8tica, per\u00f2 no els va afegir a un relat period\u00edstic o diar\u00edstic, sin\u00f3 a la seva novel\u00b7la Malent\u00e8s a Moscou (1966-67), un prodigi d\u2019introspecci\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":29060,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[232],"tags":[3240,3215,3214],"class_list":["post-28982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-humanitats","tag-malentes-a-moscou","tag-moscou-ca","tag-simone-de-beauvoir-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nSimone de Beauvoir a Moscou - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quan un escriptor viatja a un lloc i no pret\u00e9n demostrar res, com va fer Montserrat Roig, que va descriure borratxos i a la vegada tresors daurats, \u00e9s possible que investigui prou detalls com per a oferir una cr\u00f2nica de viatges viable. 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