{"id":28738,"date":"2025-06-13T08:56:50","date_gmt":"2025-06-13T06:56:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=28738"},"modified":"2025-06-13T08:57:02","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T06:57:02","slug":"eugenio-dors-defensor-dazorin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/eugenio-dors-defensor-dazorin\/","title":{"rendered":"Eugenio d\u2019Ors, defensor d’Azor\u00edn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eugenio d\u2019Ors, defensor d’Azor\u00edn<\/h1>\n
\"\"
Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ednez Ruiz “Azor\u00edn”. Wikimedia. Autor: Isidro Fern\u00e1ndez Fuertes<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0–\u00a0(1914-04-25<\/span>). “Literatos espa\u00f1oles<\/a>“.\u00a0La Esfera<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(17).\u00a0ISSN<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a01577-0389<\/a>. From\u00a0Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Hist\u00f3rica (CC BY 4.0)<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Andreu Navarra<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

El maig de 1915, Eugenio d\u2019Ors<\/strong> publica a la revista madrilenya La Lectura<\/em> un important assaig de desgreuge i homenatge a la figura liter\u00e0ria de Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ednez Ruiz, \u201cAzor\u00edn\u201d<\/strong>. Per\u00f2 comen\u00e7a d’una manera exc\u00e8ntrica, amb un d’aquells excursos radicals que en ell s\u00f3n tan habituals, i que s\u00f3n com a trucs de prestidigitaci\u00f3 que nom\u00e9s ent\u00e9n qui hi presta una atenci\u00f3 especial.<\/p>\n

El primer que troba el lector d\u2019aquest assaig \u00e9s un retrat del despatx de Joan Maragall,<\/strong> on hi havia dos retrats, un de Giner de los R\u00edos<\/strong> i un altre, dedicat, de Miguel de Unamuno<\/strong>. I despr\u00e9s escriu sobre el krausisme d\u00b4un dels mestres de Maragall, Josep Soler i Miquel<\/strong>. Per qu\u00e8? Per relacionar els embrions de classicisme noucentista que es podien rastrejar a l’obra de Maragall i, per paral\u00b7lelisme, a la d’Azor\u00edn, company de promoci\u00f3: \u201cRes no comprendr\u00e0 de la hist\u00f2ria moral d’Europa en aquests \u00faltims temps qui no parteixi del principi que el Nou-cents significa una violenta reacci\u00f3 contra el que es va anomenar\u2014i conv\u00e9 que se segueixi anomenant per antonom\u00e0sia- la \u201cFi de Segle”. Per\u00f2 moltes coses se li escaparan a qui no atengui que en la “Fi de Segle” s\u2019hi trobava ja en arrauxada gestaci\u00f3 el Nou-cents…\u201d.<\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed, doncs, l’excurs \u00e9s una manera de presentar el moll de l\u2019os del text: la idea que Azor\u00edn \u00e9s, com Maragall, un impulsor de les idees noucentistes<\/strong>, per\u00f2 des d’una posici\u00f3 inicialment simbolista. Anava desencaminat? Dir\u00edem que no, tenint en compte la influ\u00e8ncia posterior que Azor\u00edn exerciria sobre els narradors racionalistes, els poetes ultraistes i sobre el \u00abramonisme\u00bb. D\u2019Ors considera l\u2019estil azorini\u00e0 d\u2019una modernitat absoluta<\/strong>, neta de boires rom\u00e0ntiques i desvaris post rom\u00e0ntics: “En fi; una manifestaci\u00f3 nova i deliciosa d’igual designi, una revelaci\u00f3 d’aquest culte tan ardent a la llum sense penombra, de la passi\u00f3 pel que \u00e9s viu, net i nu, de la voluntat, sempre alerta a percebre, recollir i fixar els llampecs de significaci\u00f3, les trobem en el sistema d’exegesi dels cl\u00e0ssics que ha inventat Azor\u00edn. Tamb\u00e9 ell punxa el pensament del vell autor a qui examina, en tres o quatre dels seus moments de corrent m\u00e9s r\u00e0pid, de traject\u00f2ria m\u00e9s reveladora\u201d.<\/p>\n

D\u2019Ors arriba a considerar Azor\u00edn com una \u00e0nima germana<\/strong>. La precisi\u00f3 azoriniana la relaciona amb la seva pr\u00f2pia tend\u00e8ncia a la miniatura, la brevetat i el conceptisme que caracteritzen les gloses: “Tamb\u00e9 ell omet – sap ometre, amb un do d’economia suprem- el vessament en qu\u00e8 el pensament s’adorm; m\u00e9s ben dit, el vessa de nou en un declivi imprevist, en qu\u00e8 m\u00e9s aviat pot acostar-lo a la nostra sensibilitat d’homes moderns, treballada per les m\u00e9s subtils experi\u00e8ncies i remoguda per les millors cultures”.<\/p>\n

Azor\u00edn acabava de publicar Al margen de los cl\u00e1sicos<\/em>, i D\u2019Ors sent una gran necessitat de relacionar la seva metodologia racionalista i abreujadora amb l’estil caracter\u00edstic d’Azor\u00edn: \u201cAquests textos curts, que junts agafarien en un parell de p\u00e0gines, versos solts, frases disperses, s’estenen, cobren \u00e0mplia significaci\u00f3, ens v\u00e9nen a ferir, a treballar-nos, a subvertir-nos en les nostres preocupacions, els nostres anhels, les nostres passions d’\u00faltima hora.\u201d Per a Eugenio D\u2019Ors, el Petit Fil\u00f2sof no era nom\u00e9s un estilista, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 un pensador, i per aix\u00f2 es capbussa en la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 del significat \u00faltim de la depuraci\u00f3 azoriniana. El \u201cperill\u201d que assenyala D\u2019Ors en la cr\u00edtica del seu amic \u00e9s la caiguda en el subjectivisme<\/strong>: els personatges examinats per Azor\u00edn acaben assemblant-se massa a ell, perqu\u00e8 en realitat els considera miralls.<\/p>\n

Com han arribat tots dos escriptors al 1915? Qu\u00e8 els preocupa, en quin punt es troben? D\u2019Ors acaba de perdre les seves oposicions a c\u00e0tedra a Barcelona, \u200b\u200binjustament, el 1914: Ortega i Azor\u00edn el van convidar a Madrid a ser homenatjat i a pronunciar una confer\u00e8ncia a la Resid\u00e8ncia d’Estudiants (\u201cDe la amistad y del di\u00e1logo\u201d, un dels seus textos m\u00e9s memorables i celebrats). Azor\u00edn ha defensat a capa i espasa una posici\u00f3 aliad\u00f2fila des de l’inici de la Gran Guerra, en canvi D\u2019Ors ha preferit presentar-se com un neutralista a ultran\u00e7a, encara que simpatitza amb els alemanys, i defensar\u00e0 una postura pacifista, perqu\u00e8 considera que la guerra \u00e9s un enfrontament civil dins d’un mateix \u201cImperi\u201d europeu. Un \u201cImperi\u201d on Alemanya haur\u00e0 d\u2019acabar portant la veu cantant.<\/p>\n

D\u2019Ors ha intentat traslladar-se (sense \u00e8xit, perqu\u00e8 demanava massa diners) a la revista Espa\u00f1a<\/em>, i ha intentat dimitir de tots els seus c\u00e0rrecs a l\u2019administraci\u00f3 catalana, tamb\u00e9 fracassant, perqu\u00e8 Prat de la Riba<\/strong> (german\u00f2fil conven\u00e7ut, per cert) no li ha acceptat la dimissi\u00f3. Azor\u00edn porta uns anys escorat cap a la dreta conservadora, ha trencat amb Maura<\/strong> i ha acceptat p\u00fablicament que La Cierva<\/strong> sigui el seu patr\u00f3 i mecenes. Molts li critiquen que la pol\u00edtica reaccion\u00e0ria hagi arru\u00efnat la seva rebel\u00b7lia i el seu estil literari. Per\u00f2 D\u2019Ors acudeix en ajuda del seu amic i escriu:<\/p>\n

\u201c-Per qu\u00e8 Azor\u00edn condescendir\u00e0 de vegades amb els seus fustigadors fins a explicar per un canvi de criteri el que en ell podria ser explicat simplement per un mudament en el camp de l’atenci\u00f3? \u201cAhir vaig ser revolucionari \u2013ens diu en aitals ocasions l\u2019escriptor dilecte i colpit-; avui s\u00f3c conservador: aix\u00ed m’ha treballat la vida…”Per qu\u00e8 no dir: Vaig ser ahir i s\u00f3c i avui home en qui els valors de sensibilitat s’han fet suprems. Injust\u00edcia i desordre ofenen igualment la meva sensibilitat. Digues-me un dia amb prefer\u00e8ncia per traduir la meva irritaci\u00f3 davant la injust\u00edcia; ara gaudeixo m\u00e9s de traduir la meva irritaci\u00f3 davant del desordre?\u201d. Ho ha explicat Francisco Fuster<\/strong>, l’especialista en Baroja i Azor\u00edn a la seva recent biografia de l’escriptor alacant\u00ed.<\/p>\n

En el seu article (en realitat una s\u00e8rie de nou gloses) D\u2019Ors es va proposar no nom\u00e9s desagreujar el seu amic (com el seu amic l’havia desagreujat a ell l’any anterior), sin\u00f3 renovar la seva pr\u00f2pia proposta est\u00e8tica, diagnosticar el car\u00e0cter d’una obra ja fonamental i difondre la filosofia azoriniana.<\/p>\n

En definitiva, D’Ors converteix Azor\u00edn en un mirall de les virtuts noucentistes, intentant encertar-la pel que fa a les claus de l’obra de l’alacant\u00ed: “Modernitat exclusiva. Europe\u00eftat nost\u00e0lgica. Amor a la naturalesa cultivada. Amor al treball elemental. Sociabilitat amable. Epicureisme en la simplicitat. Protesta contra la injust\u00edcia. Protesta contra el desordre…”. Els articles orsians tan llargs i tan exhaustius no s\u00f3n habituals. Com sempre, no se li va poder negar sagacitat ni capacitat de s\u00edntesi.<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El maig de 1915, Eugenio d\u2019Ors publica a la revista madrilenya \u2018La Lectura\u2019 un important assaig de desgreuge i homenatge a la figura liter\u00e0ria de Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ednez Ruiz, \u201cAzor\u00edn\u201d. Per\u00f2 comen\u00e7a d’una manera exc\u00e8ntrica, amb un d’aquells excursos radicals que en ell s\u00f3n tan habituals, i que s\u00f3n com a trucs de prestidigitaci\u00f3 que nom\u00e9s ent\u00e9n qui hi presta una atenci\u00f3 especial.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":28729,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[412],"tags":[1097,2278],"class_list":["post-28738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-literatura-ca","tag-azorin-ca","tag-eugeni-dors"],"yoast_head":"\nEugenio d\u2019Ors, defensor d'Azor\u00edn - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El maig de 1915, Eugenio d\u2019Ors publica a la revista madrilenya \u2018La Lectura\u2019 un important assaig de desgreuge i homenatge a la figura liter\u00e0ria de Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ednez Ruiz, \u201cAzor\u00edn\u201d. 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