{"id":26976,"date":"2025-04-25T09:18:52","date_gmt":"2025-04-25T07:18:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=26976"},"modified":"2025-04-25T09:19:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T07:19:08","slug":"ia-i-creativitat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/ia-i-creativitat\/","title":{"rendered":"IA i creativitat?"},"content":{"rendered":"

IA i creativitat?<\/h1>\n

Per qu\u00e8 la IA no pot crear art: Una revisi\u00f3 dels arguments de Chiang<\/p>\n

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Ted Chiang a una confer\u00e8ncia a Barcelona. \/ Foto: Toni Hern\u00e1ndez.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Antoni Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L’escriptor de ci\u00e8ncia ficci\u00f3 Ted Chiang ha exposat recentment les seves raons per les quals la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial no pot crear art (Chiang, 2024). Recomano ferventment la lectura del seu article (i per descomptat, dels seus llibres!). Jo mateix he proposat alguns contra-arguments (Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez, 2025), que, com aquest text, pretenen convidar a la reflexi\u00f3. Els arguments de Chiang contra la capacitat art\u00edstica de la IA es poden resumir de la manera seg\u00fcent (Chiang, 2024; Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez, 2025):<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. L’argument de les microdecisions<\/strong>.- L’art implica moltes decisions conscients i inconscients. Chiang sost\u00e9 que la IA es basa exclusivament en models estad\u00edstics i en la imitaci\u00f3, tot produint resultats previsibles i mediocres, en l\u00ednia amb la idea de Wagensberg (2017) que all\u00f2 oposat a la creativitat \u00e9s la mediocritat.<\/li>\n
  2. L’argument de la manca d’intencionalitat<\/strong>.- L’art veritable requereix intenci\u00f3. La IA no posseeix emocions, goig intel\u00b7lectual ni desitjos, per la qual cosa no pot crear amb una intenci\u00f3 significativa.<\/li>\n
  3. L’argument de l’esfor\u00e7 i del proc\u00e9s<\/strong>.- El proc\u00e9s creatiu i l’esfor\u00e7 s\u00f3n components essencials del valor art\u00edstic. La IA genera contingut sense esfor\u00e7, cosa que, segons Chiang, resta valor art\u00edstic a les seves creacions.<\/li>\n
  4. L’argument de la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia general i l’efici\u00e8ncia<\/strong>.- A la IA li costa adquirir noves habilitats amb l’efici\u00e8ncia que ho fan els humans. Encara que destaqui en jocs com el Go, necessita grans quantitats de dades, mentre que els humans aprenen de manera m\u00e9s intu\u00eftiva, cosa que \u00e9s clau en la creaci\u00f3 art\u00edstica.<\/li>\n
  5. L’argument de la manca d’originalitat<\/strong>.- La IA \u00e9s generativa per\u00f2 no creativa. Els seus productes, constru\u00efts a partir de mecanismes automatitzats, no tenen una veritable originalitat, el resultat s\u00f3n obres estad\u00edsticament en la mitjana.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Aquests punts han generat debats a les aules i reunions acad\u00e8miques sobre l’art (i l’ensenyament art\u00edstic), despertant contra-arguments que podrien aportar elements a investigacions i discussions futures (Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez, 2025):<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. IA i microdecisions art\u00edstiques.<\/strong>– Tot i que les decisions de la IA es basen en dades pr\u00e8vies i algorismes (amb biaixos inherents), els aven\u00e7os futurs podrien permetre replicar millor els processos art\u00edstics humans. Aix\u00f2 obre la porta a interaccions creatives h\u00edbrides entre humans i m\u00e0quines (micro-decisions en l’elaboraci\u00f3 de prompts<\/em>, retroalimentaci\u00f3 IA-hum\u00e0, etc.).<\/li>\n
    2. Intencionalitat i \u00fas \u00e8tic de la IA<\/strong>.- Malgrat que la IA no t\u00e9 intenci\u00f3 pr\u00f2pia, educadors i artistes poden emprar-la de manera expressiva a trav\u00e9s de t\u00e8cniques com el prompting<\/em> (Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez & Ferrer-i-Cancho, 2023). Recon\u00e8ixer la relaci\u00f3 entre la tecnologia i el seu \u00fas \u00e9s fonamental per evitar falses percepcions d’autonomia a la IA (Di\u00e9guez, 2024). En aquest sentit, els docents tenen un paper clau a guiar l’alumnat cap a una creativitat responsable i intencionada.<\/li>\n
    3. Optimitzaci\u00f3 de l’esfor\u00e7 creatiu.<\/strong>\u2013 La IA es pot encarregar de tasques t\u00e8cniques repetitives, permetent als artistes centrar-se en els aspectes conceptuals i creatius, de la mateixa manera que la fotografia va revolucionar el cinema. La IA podria democratitzar la creaci\u00f3 digital, facilitant que persones sense coneixements de programaci\u00f3 generin programari per produir obres gr\u00e0fiques o peces impreses en 3D (Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez, 2023).<\/li>\n
    4. Sostenibilitat i efici\u00e8ncia de la IA en l’art. <\/strong>\u2013 Si b\u00e9 actualment la IA comporta un alt cost mediambiental (Crawford, 2021), els futurs desenvolupaments sostenibles podrien permetre una integraci\u00f3 responsable a l’educaci\u00f3 art\u00edstica, obrint noves vies de creaci\u00f3.<\/li>\n
    5. Creativitat col\u00b7laborativa entre humans i m\u00e0quines<\/strong>.\u2013 La IA pot ampliar els l\u00edmits de la creaci\u00f3 art\u00edstica col\u00b7laborativa. A nivell educatiu, la IA podria actuar com un soci creatiu m\u00e9s que no com una simple eina, transformant l’expressi\u00f3 art\u00edstica i la innovaci\u00f3. Aquesta interacci\u00f3, lluny de deshumanitzar l’art, podria enriquir-ho, recordant-nos que la creativitat sempre ha estat influenciada per factors externs, inclosa la tecnologia.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      D’altra banda, el fenomen recent de l’efecte Ghibli, impulsat per la IA, demostra com la viralitat digital pot globalitzar l’expressi\u00f3 art\u00edstica, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 ens obliga a reflexionar sobre l’\u00e8tica i la legalitat d’aquests processos (com s’entrenen aquests models d’IA? Sense perm\u00eds?), aix\u00ed com sobre el seu impacte ambiental, ja que requereixen ingents quantitats de dades i energia. Si b\u00e9 celebrem la capacitat de la IA per generar imatges captivadores a l’estil Ghibli, ens haur\u00edem de preguntar quin \u00e9s el cost real d’aquesta creativitat accelerada: estem substituint l’esfor\u00e7 hum\u00e0 i l’\u00e0nima art\u00edstica per un consum energ\u00e8tic insostenible per al circ global?<\/p>\n

      Aix\u00ed com els artistes sempre s’han inspirat en altres humans, les m\u00e0quines podrien comen\u00e7ar a tenir un paper semblant. Potser la IA no \u00e9s creativa en el sentit hum\u00e0, per\u00f2 est\u00e0 cridada a convertir-se en una eina inavaluable dins del proc\u00e9s creatiu, ampliant i redefinint el nostre concepte de creativitat (Wingstr\u00f6m et al., 2024) i transformant tant la producci\u00f3 art\u00edstica com el seu ensenyament.<\/p>\n

      ______<\/p>\n

      Refer\u00e8ncies:<\/h6>\n

      Chiang, T. (2024). Why A.I. Isn’t Going to Make Art. New Yorker, 31th August, 2024. https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/culture\/the-weekend-essay\/why-ai-isnt-going-to-make-art<\/a><\/p>\n

      Crawford, K. (2021). Atlas of AI: power, politics, and the planetary costs of artificial intelligence. New Haven: Yale University Press.<\/p>\n

      Di\u00e9guez, A. (2024). Pensar la tecnologia. Barcelona: Shackleton books.<\/p>\n

      Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez, A. (ed.) (2023). Creativitat digital. Barcelona: Iniciativa Digital Polit\u00e8cnica, col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 Di\u00e0legs UPCArts. https:\/\/upcommons.upc.edu\/handle\/2117\/395833<\/a><\/p>\n

      Hern\u00e1ndez Fern\u00e1ndez, A. (2025). Intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia Artificial i disseny. Revista Gr\u00e0fica, a premsa.<\/p>\n

      Hern\u00e1ndez Fern\u00e1ndez, A. i Ferrer Cancho, R. (2023). Ling\u00fc\u00edstica quantitativa i lleis ling\u00fc\u00edstiques: de la ling\u00fc\u00edstica a la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial i la tecno\u00e8tica. Termin\u00e0lia, 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2436\/20.2503.01.190<\/a><\/p>\n

      Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.<\/p>\n

      Wagensberg, J. (2017). Teor\u00eda<\/p>\n

      \n

      Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      L’escriptor de ci\u00e8ncia ficci\u00f3 Ted Chiang ha exposat recentment les seves raons per les quals la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial no pot crear art (Chiang, 2024). Recomano ferventment la lectura del seu article (i per descomptat, dels seus llibres!). Jo mateix he proposat alguns contra-arguments (Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez, 2025), que, com aquest text, pretenen convidar a la reflexi\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":26793,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[252,246],"tags":[2905,1038,808],"class_list":["post-26976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-intelligencia-artificial","category-tecnologia-ca","tag-creativitat","tag-ia-ca","tag-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"\nIA i creativitat? - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'escriptor de ci\u00e8ncia ficci\u00f3 Ted Chiang ha exposat recentment les seves raons per les quals la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial no pot crear art (Chiang, 2024). 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