{"id":25267,"date":"2025-03-07T09:34:20","date_gmt":"2025-03-07T08:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=25267"},"modified":"2025-03-10T09:29:42","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T08:29:42","slug":"hipatia-dalexandria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/hipatia-dalexandria\/","title":{"rendered":"Hipatia d’Alexandria"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

VA SUCCEIR\u2026<\/span><\/h3>\n

El El 8 de mar\u00e7 de l’any 415<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Linxament i mort d’Hipatia d’Alexandria<\/h1>\n
\"\"
Il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3 de Louis Figuier a Vies des savants il\u00b7lustres, depuis l’antiquit\u00e9 jusqu’au dix-neuvi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle de 1866<\/em>, que representa la imaginaci\u00f3 de l’autor de com podria haver estat l’assalt contra Hip\u00e0tia. \/ Wikimedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Xavier Mass\u00f3<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mentre passejava per la seva Alexandria natal, Hip\u00e0tia d’Alexandria<\/strong> va ser abordada per una torba de fan\u00e0tics cristians instigats pel bisbe Ciril i lapidada fins a la mort. Fil\u00f2sofa, l\u00f2gica, matem\u00e0tica i astr\u00f2noma, Hip\u00e0tia va ser sens dubte una de les ments m\u00e9s brillants de la tardoantiguitat.<\/p>\n

La mort d’Hipatia marca simb\u00f2licament el final d’una era que havia comen\u00e7at mil anys abans amb els primers fil\u00f2sofs i matem\u00e0tics jonis a la Gr\u00e8cia presocr\u00e0tica: Tales, Anaximandre, Anax\u00edmenes, Pit\u00e0gores\u2026 que despr\u00e9s va fructificar a l’Acad\u00e8mia i el Liceu atenesos, l’epicentre cultural de la qual havia estat durant els darrers set segles la ciutat hel\u00b7len\u00edstica d\u2019Alexandria.<\/p>\n

En els temps d’Hipatia, Alexandria ja era molt lluny dels seus millors moments. La Biblioteca, que potser havia arribat a acumular fins a mig mili\u00f3 de volums manuscrits al segle I a. C., havia estat objecte de diversos saquejos al llarg dels darrers segles. Els m\u00e9s recents, l\u2019any 273, per les tropes de l’emperador Aureli\u00e0, i el 297, per les de Diocleci\u00e0. Finalment, el 391, Teodosi havia ordenat la destrucci\u00f3 de tot vestigi pag\u00e0\u2026<\/p>\n

La mort d’Hipatia marca simb\u00f2licament el final d’una era que havia comen\u00e7at mil anys abans amb els primers fil\u00f2sofs i matem\u00e0tics jonis a la Gr\u00e8cia presocr\u00e0tica<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Tot i aix\u00ed, i gr\u00e0cies a la intercessi\u00f3 d’alguns patriarques cristians, el que quedava de l’antiga biblioteca i les restes de la seva comunitat d’erudits van ser traslladats al temple del Serapeu, on malgrat el recel, quan no oberta hostilitat, que suscitava la perviv\u00e8ncia d’una comunitat erudita de tradici\u00f3 pagana, va continuar funcionant de manera m\u00e9s o menys prec\u00e0ria, i fins i tot molts dels membres de les elits governants i de la jerarquia eclesi\u00e0stica hi havia estat instru\u00efts ells. El bisbe Sinesi de Cirene, el gram\u00e0tic Hesiqui d’Alexandria o prefecte imperial d’Egipte, Orestes, eren tots ells anitcs deixebles d’Hipatia. I aix\u00f2 el cristianisme m\u00e9s radical i d\u2019\u00e0mplia base popular no ho tolerava.<\/p>\n

Hip\u00e0tia havia nascut probablement cap a l’any 355 \u2013altres versions parlen del 370\u2013 i era filla de l’astr\u00f2nom i matem\u00e0tic Te\u00f3. Havent-se criat en el que quedava de l’antiga comunitat de la Biblioteca, va destacar molt aviat pel seu talent fins a convertir-se en el seu membre m\u00e9s conspicu. Tot i que es coneix molt poc de la seva vida, les disciplines que va cultivar la situarien en un neoplatonisme ecl\u00e8ctic i intel\u00b7lectualitzat, en la tradici\u00f3 filos\u00f2fica i cient\u00edfica dels cl\u00e0ssics, des de Plat\u00f3 i Arist\u00f2til, fins als seus il\u00b7lustres predecessors a la Biblioteca, com ara Erat\u00f2stenes o Tolomeu. \u00c9s la primera figura intel\u00b7lectual femenina en matem\u00e0tiques i filosofia de qu\u00e8 es t\u00e9 certesa hist\u00f2rica de la seva exist\u00e8ncia. Se sap que va escriure sobre geometria, \u00e0lgebra i astronomia, que va millorar l’astrolabi i que va dissenyar un dens\u00edmetre.<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2 corrien temps convulsos, i tampoc dins del cristianisme hi havia unanimitat, proliferant tota mena de controv\u00e8rsies teol\u00f2giques amb les seves inevitables ramificacions pol\u00edtiques. Hi havia un cristianisme m\u00e9s intel\u00b7lectualitzat, propi de les classes m\u00e9s cultes, que incorporava la tradici\u00f3 intel\u00b7lectual pagana, davant d’altres sectors m\u00e9s puristes i radicalitzats, que consideraven aquesta tradici\u00f3 una her\u00e8ncia a extirpar. Un cristi\u00e0 massa culte podia ser f\u00e0cilment acusat d’heretgia per la seva \u201ctoler\u00e0ncia\u201d cap als pagans. Aquest era el cas del bisbe Te\u00f2fil d’Alexandria (f. 412), que havia intentat contemporitzar davant de les tensions entre els diferents sectors cristians, d’una banda, i entre cristians i pagans, de l’altra.<\/p>\n

Deia William Faulkner que es pot lluitar contra la ignor\u00e0ncia, contra el fanatisme i contra la intoler\u00e0ncia\u2026 per separat<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A la mort de Te\u00f2fil, la poblaci\u00f3 cristiana va triar com a nou patriarca el seu nebot Ciril (370-444), un agitador conegut pel seu populisme, la seva intransig\u00e8ncia i la seva radicalitat, que va implantar a la ciutat un r\u00e8gim de persecuci\u00f3 contra tots aquells contraris al seu credo i pr\u00e0ctiques, fa fossin cristians o pagans. El mateix governador Orestes, cristi\u00e0 i exalumne d’Hipatia, va protestar davant de l’emperador. Aleshores Ciril va cridar en la seva ajuda \u00abels 500 monjos\u201d, una horda de fan\u00e0tics que es va convertir en la seva gu\u00e0rdia pretoriana personal i van sembrar el terror a la ciutat. S\u00f3n els que van linxar Hip\u00e0tia.<\/p>\n

El bisbe Ciril va continuar amb les seves gestes fins a la seva mort. \u00c9s considerat sant per les esgl\u00e9sies ortodoxa, copta i cat\u00f2lica (per precongregaci\u00f3). El 1882, el Papa Lle\u00f3 XIII el va proclamar Doctor de l’Esgl\u00e9sia…<\/p>\n

Deia William Faulkner que es pot lluitar contra la ignor\u00e0ncia, contra el fanatisme i contra la intoler\u00e0ncia\u2026 per separat, per\u00f2 si v\u00e9nen alhora i es vol salvar la pell, el m\u00e9s aconsellable \u00e9s tocar el dos r\u00e0pidament. Hip\u00e0tia no ho va fer i ho va pagar amb la seva vida. Ens va llegar el testimoni del seu digne exemple i avui, des d’aqu\u00ed, li volem retre homenatge.<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mentre passejava per la seva Alexandria natal, Hip\u00e0tia d’Alexandria va ser abordada per una torba de fan\u00e0tics cristians instigats pel bisbe Ciril i lapidada fins a la mort. Fil\u00f2sofa, l\u00f2gica, matem\u00e0tica i astr\u00f2noma, Hip\u00e0tia va ser sens dubte una de les ments m\u00e9s brillants de la tardoantiguitat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":25547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[223,1650],"tags":[2651,2594],"class_list":["post-25267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-matematiques","category-va-succeir","tag-hipatia-dalexandria","tag-linxament-i-mort-dhipatia-dalexandria"],"yoast_head":"\nHipatia d'Alexandria - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mentre passejava per la seva Alexandria natal, Hip\u00e0tia d'Alexandria va ser abordada per una torba de fan\u00e0tics cristians instigats pel bisbe Ciril i lapidada fins a la mort. 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