{"id":25055,"date":"2025-02-17T13:39:31","date_gmt":"2025-02-17T12:39:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=25055"},"modified":"2025-02-17T13:39:42","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T12:39:42","slug":"giordano-bruno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/giordano-bruno\/","title":{"rendered":"Giordano Bruno"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

VA SUCCEIR\u2026<\/h3>\n

El 17 de febrer de 1600<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Giordano Bruno fou cremat viu a la pla\u00e7a romana del Campo de\u2019 Fiori<\/h1>\n
\"\"
El judici de Giordano Bruno per la Inquisici\u00f3 romana. Relleu de bronze d’Ettore Ferrari,\u00a0Campo de’ Fiori, Roma.\u00a0\/ Wikimedia<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Xavier Mass\u00f3<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fa 425 anys, el 17 de febrer de 1600, Giordano Bruno<\/strong><\/a> fou cremat viu a la pla\u00e7a romana del Campo de\u2019 Fiori. Genu\u00ed representant de la \u00abFilosofia de la Naturalesa\u00bb renaixentista, va ser condemnat a mort per la Inquisici\u00f3, acusat de blasf\u00e8mia, d’heretgia i de contum\u00e0cia en la difusi\u00f3 de doctrines her\u00e8tiques, com ara la infinitud de l’univers, la multiplicitat de sistemes solars o la negaci\u00f3 de la Sant\u00edssima Trinitat.<\/p>\n

Havia nascut a Nola, prop de N\u00e0pols, el 1548. Als 17 anys es va ordenar com a frare dominic i des de molt aviat va escandalitzar amb els seus animosos escrits i pr\u00e8diques sobre el trinitarisme, l’heliocentrisme, la pluralitat de mons habitats, la infinitud de l\u2019univers… Perseguit per la Inquisici\u00f3, va abandonar Roma el 1576 i va comen\u00e7ar una vida de peregrinaci\u00f3 i fugida constant.<\/p>\n

Atret pel calvinisme, i potser pensant que acolliria les seves doctrines millor que l’Esgl\u00e9sia Cat\u00f2lica \u2013un terrible error que va estar a punt de costar-li tan car com a Miquel Servet mig segle abans\u2013, va viatjar a Ginebra, d’on va haver de fugir precipitadament per eludir el foc \u00abpurificador\u00bb a qu\u00e8 tan proclius eren tant cat\u00f2lics com protestants. Va passar a Fran\u00e7a, immersa llavors en les guerres de religi\u00f3 entre cat\u00f2lics i hugonots, on el va acollir Enric II, que li va facilitar exercir de professor a la Sorbona. Dos anys despr\u00e9s, es va traslladar a Anglaterra i va ensenyar la cosmologia copernicana a Oxford.<\/p>\n

Sempre a l’atzarosa recerca de protecci\u00f3 en els enemics dels seus enemics, i de la inevitable precarietat inherent ella, fugint aquesta vegada dels anglicans es va traslladar a l’Alemanya luterana. A Marburg va sostenir un debat p\u00fablic amb professors de la Universitat, en el transcurs del qual va ser ridiculitzat, apallissat i expulsat. Encara va aconseguir impartir doc\u00e8ncia a la Universitat de Wittemberg per un breu temps, fins que va ser excomunicat pels luterans i va haver de posar una vegada m\u00e9s els peus en pols.<\/p>\n

Finalment va recalar a la Seren\u00edssima Rep\u00fablica de Ven\u00e8cia, en principi poc inclinada a les condemnes teol\u00f2giques. All\u00e0 es va convertir en preceptor privat d’un noble veneci\u00e0, Giovanni Mocenigo, que al cap de poc temps el va denunciar a la Inquisici\u00f3 \u201cno satisfet per l’ensenyament i molestat pels discursos her\u00e8tics del seu hoste<\/em>\u201d. Va ser detingut i traslladat a Roma. Va romandre vuit anys a la pres\u00f3, al cap dels quals es va decretar la seva condemna a mort a la foguera.<\/p>\n

En realitat, l’ascend\u00e8ncia de Bruno en la hist\u00f2ria del pensament es deu m\u00e9s a la condici\u00f3 de m\u00e0rtir i v\u00edctima de la intoler\u00e0ncia i l’obscurantisme, que no pas a les seves aportacions intel\u00b7lectuals reals. En la l\u00ednia de Paracels o de Telesi, no va ser, en rigor, un fil\u00f2sof o un cient\u00edfic, sin\u00f3 un frare dominic vinculat a l’hermetisme que es va dedicar a la Filosofia, a l’Astronomia i a la Teologia, tot plegat de forma for\u00e7a sincr\u00e8tica i m\u00e9s aviat a la manera d’un predicador. Moltes de les seves afirmacions semblen avui de sentit com\u00fa, per\u00f2 la fonamentaci\u00f3 epistemol\u00f2gica era m\u00e9s aviat feble i poc sistematitzada.<\/p>\n

S’adscrigu\u00e9 al sistema de Cop\u00e8rnic per defensar la seva idea de la infinitud de l’univers, que no devia acabar d’entendre molt b\u00e9, ja que m\u00e9s que m\u00e9s que demostrar la infinitud de l’espai, el sistema de Cop\u00e8rnic era un constructe edificat sobre el sup\u00f2sit impl\u00edcit d’aquesta infinitud. Considerava que el Sol era simplement una estrella m\u00e9s entre infinits sistemes solars amb planetes habitats per \u00e9ssers intel\u00b7ligents. La seva doctrina teol\u00f2gica i filos\u00f2fica es coneix com a Panteisme, una concepci\u00f3 cosmol\u00f2gica segons la qual, dit r\u00e0pidament, D\u00e9u i l’univers s\u00f3n una mateixa cosa, almenys en el sentit que D\u00e9u no \u00e9s un ens separat de la seva creaci\u00f3, sin\u00f3 ella mateixa. Per al cristianisme i per al monoteisme en general, el panteisme \u00e9s una forma d’ateisme.<\/p>\n

Diguem com una curiositat, certament una mica sinistra, que l’inquisidor que va portar Bruno a la foguera va ser el cardenal jesu\u00efta Roberto Belarmino (1542-1621), el mateix que anys despr\u00e9s iniciaria el proc\u00e9s contra Galileu, encara que en aquest cas el dest\u00ed \u2013o la divina provid\u00e8ncia- li va impedir participar en la condemna. Aix\u00f2 s\u00ed, va obtenir recompenses p\u00f2stumes: el 1930, el tal Belarmino va ser canonitzat per Pius XI -no \u00e9s tan estrany, tamb\u00e9 l’esgl\u00e9sia ortodoxa va fer el mateix amb Ciril, l’instigador de la lapidaci\u00f3 i mort d’Hipatia d’Alexandria-. Al seu torn, Pau VI va establir el 1969 el t\u00edtol cardenalici \u00abSan Roberto Belarmino\u00bb, un dels titulars del qual va ser Jorge Mario Bergoglio, l’actual Papa Francisco.<\/p>\n

Bruno no va tenir tanta sort amb els seus homenatges p\u00f2stums, que van haver d\u2019esperar quasi tres-cents anys. El 1889 es va erigir a Roma una est\u00e0tua en el seu honor, pagada per subscripcions internacionals, a la pla\u00e7a del campo de\u2019 fiori<\/em>, el mateix lloc on havia estat cremat viu, homenatjat com a m\u00e0rtir de la llibertat de pensament.<\/p>\n

\n

Font: educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets: Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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