{"id":23619,"date":"2025-01-17T09:31:20","date_gmt":"2025-01-17T08:31:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=23619"},"modified":"2025-01-20T09:35:23","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T08:35:23","slug":"la-filosofia-de-henri-bergson-de-manuel-garcia-morente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/la-filosofia-de-henri-bergson-de-manuel-garcia-morente\/","title":{"rendered":"La filosof\u00eda de Henri Bergson, de Manuel Garc\u00eda Morente"},"content":{"rendered":"

Petits llibres oblidats de filosofia, 5<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La filosof\u00eda de Henri Bergson<\/em>, de Manuel Garc\u00eda Morente<\/h1>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Residencia de Estudiantes, 1916. \/ Google.es\/books\/edition\/La_filosof\u00eda_de_Henri_Bergson\/<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Andreu Navarra<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cCap al 1900, de Bergson<\/strong><\/a><\/span>, se\u2019n deia despectivament: \u00e9s un metaf\u00edsic. El positivisme regnant perseguia amb implacable sanya tot aut\u00e8ntic esfor\u00e7 per pensar aut\u00e8nticament; i havia aconseguit sepultar sota el rid\u00edcul i el menyspreu els m\u00e9s venerables vocables de la vella i eterna filosofia. La metaf\u00edsica era considerada com a ocupaci\u00f3 de somiadors ociosos<\/strong>, una manera no sempre innocent de perdre a consci\u00e8ncia el temps\u201d. Aix\u00ed comen\u00e7ava la \u201cNecrol\u00f2gica\u201d que va dedicar Manuel Garc\u00eda Morente<\/strong><\/a><\/span> a Henri Bergson, quan va morir el 1941. L’autor coneixia b\u00e9 el pensador franc\u00e8s, ja que li havia dedicat una s\u00e8rie de confer\u00e8ncies el 1916. Fou aquell mateix any que Bergson havia viatjat a Madrid i havia pronunciat un discurs en castell\u00e0, en qu\u00e8 deia, entre altres coses, que \u201cla unitat de la filosofia ja no ser\u00e0 la d\u2019una cosa feta, com la d’un sistema metaf\u00edsic; ser\u00e0 la unitat d’una continu\u00eftat, d’una corba oberta que cada pensador perllongar\u00e0 prenent-la al punt en qu\u00e8 altres la van deixar<\/em>\u201d. En aquells anys intensos, Einstein<\/strong> havia posat de moda les corbes i les interrelacions complexes: el m\u00f3n del positivisme ja havia caigut, i amb ell i fins i tot una mica abans tamb\u00e9 les grans metaf\u00edsiques. Ortega<\/strong> les havia deixades de banda per il\u00b7luminar la ra\u00f3 vital, mentre que Eugeni D\u2019Ors<\/strong> no s’apartaria gaire de Bergson, a qui havia conegut de jove precisament a Par\u00eds, dissenyant la seva filosofia dialog\u00edstica.<\/p>\n

I qu\u00e8 feia, mentrestant, Garc\u00eda Morente? La Junta d’ampliaci\u00f3 d’estudis l’havia enviat a Marburg el 1906, on es va amarar de neokantisme juntament amb Cassirer, Cohen i Natorp<\/strong>. El 1912 guanya la c\u00e0tedra d’\u00c8tica de la Universitat de Madrid, i presenta la seva Tesi Doctoral: L’Est\u00e8tica de Kant<\/em>; el 1914 tradueix la Cr\u00edtica del judici<\/em>; el 1917 publica una gran monografia sobre Kant<\/strong>, el 1918 tradueix la Cr\u00edtica de la ra\u00f3 pr\u00e0ctica<\/em> i, el 1921, la Fonamentaci\u00f3 de la metaf\u00edsica dels costums<\/em>. Als anys vint tradueix incansablement per a Revista de Occidente<\/em>; a l’entorn ortegui\u00e0, Morente, Gaos<\/strong> i despr\u00e9s Juli\u00e1n Mar\u00edas<\/strong> s’havien proposat posar al dia la filosofia espanyola traduint-ho tot. Morente va treballar als anys vint amb Spengler, Rickert, Simmel, Scheler i Hartmann<\/strong>, juntament amb Gaos va traduir les Investigacions l\u00f2giques<\/em> de Husserl (1929), i Origen del coneixement moral<\/em> de Brentano<\/strong>. No es pot afirmar que Morente no s\u2019hi empr\u00e9s a fons.<\/p>\n

La filosofia de Bergson<\/em><\/a>, \u00e9s a dir, les tres confer\u00e8ncies que va pronunciar a la Resid\u00e9ncia de Estudiantes<\/em> el 1916<\/strong>, va ser publicada per la mateixa \u201cResi<\/em>\u201d el 1917. Hi va haver dues edicions m\u00e9s: la d’Austral el 1972 i la d\u2019Encuentro <\/em>el 2010, que \u00e9s la que trobem digitalitzada per la Biblioteca Nacional. La necrol\u00f2gica de Garc\u00eda Morente acompanyava aquests textos a l’edici\u00f3 de 1972. La descripci\u00f3 del sistema l\u00edquid (o corb) bergsoni\u00e0 la du a terme Morente a trav\u00e9s d’aforismes sentenciosos que hom pot pescar camuflats entre els par\u00e0grafs: \u201cEl nostre coneixement de nosaltres mateixos no pot ser m\u00e9s que intu\u00eftiu<\/em>\u201d (1972, p\u00e0g. 47); “A l’instint, el coneixement s’explicita en acci\u00f3<\/em>” (p\u00e0g. 49); \u201cL’instint \u00e9s la intu\u00efci\u00f3 inconscient de si mateixa<\/em>\u201d (p\u00e0g. 48). L’antipositivisme bergsoni\u00e0 devia impactar molt profundament sobre molts escriptors espanyols, amb Unamuno i Antonio Machado<\/strong> al capdavant: \u201cQuan l’an\u00e0lisi intel\u00b7lectual es dirigeix \u200b\u200bsobre la vida interior de l’esperit, aleshores se substitueix una \u00e0nima materialitzada i falsa a l’\u00e0nima espiritual activa, i all\u00f2 que s’analitza i disseca \u00e9s el rastre imm\u00f2bil deixat pel moviment<\/em>\u201d (p\u00e0g. 46).<\/p>\n

Conclusions: \u201cSi, per un esfor\u00e7 de tensi\u00f3 especial, pogu\u00e9ssim fer coincidir per un instant, en un punt, la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia i l’instint, tindr\u00edem una intu\u00efci\u00f3<\/em>\u201d (p\u00e0g. 50); “La il\u00b7lusi\u00f3 del determinisme \u00e9s, en suma, figurar-se l’esperit com si fos mat\u00e8ria i aplicar-li les lleis de la mat\u00e8ria<\/em>” (p\u00e0g. 100); en definitiva: \u201cDefinir \u00e9s tancar una realitat en un concepte, \u00e9s solidificar all\u00f2 fluent i immobilitzar el moviment<\/em>\u201d (p\u00e0g. 101). Mar\u00eda Zambrano, Xavier Zubiri<\/strong>, el mateix Morente i Ramiro de Maeztu<\/strong>, cadascun des de posicions diferents i personals, tindrien molt en compte aquestes paraules als anys trenta.<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cCap al 1900, de Bergson, se\u2019n deia despectivament: \u00e9s un metaf\u00edsic. El positivisme regnant perseguia amb implacable sanya tot aut\u00e8ntic esfor\u00e7 per pensar aut\u00e8nticament; i havia aconseguit sepultar sota el rid\u00edcul i el menyspreu els m\u00e9s venerables vocables de la vella i eterna filosofia. La metaf\u00edsica era considerada com a ocupaci\u00f3 de somiadors ociosos, una manera no sempre innocent de perdre a consci\u00e8ncia el temps\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23610,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[235,232],"tags":[2377,2376,2378],"class_list":["post-23619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-filosofia-ca","category-humanitats","tag-henri-bergson-ca","tag-manuel-garcia-morente-ca","tag-metafisica-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nLa filosof\u00eda de Henri Bergson, de Manuel Garc\u00eda Morente - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cCap al 1900, de Bergson, se\u2019n deia despectivament: \u00e9s un metaf\u00edsic. 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