{"id":23241,"date":"2025-01-09T12:41:21","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T11:41:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=23241"},"modified":"2025-01-09T12:41:45","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T11:41:45","slug":"simone-weil-biografia-epistolar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/simone-weil-biografia-epistolar\/","title":{"rendered":"Simone Weil. Biografia epistolar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Simone Weil. Biografia epistolar<\/em><\/h1>\n
\"\"
Publicacions de la Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

Una biografia epistolar de Simone Weil<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Josep Oton<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cal inscriure l\u2019obra Simone Weil<\/strong> dins de la fecunda generaci\u00f3 de pensadores que van ser testimoni dels estralls de la bogeria totalit\u00e0ria: Simone de Beauvoir, Hannah Arendt, Edith Stein, Mar\u00eda Zambrano…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Weil va morir el 1943 amb 34 anys. No va arribar a publicar cap llibre en vida. El seu llegat intel\u00b7lectual ha quedat recollit en articles, esborranys d\u2019assajos, diaris, notes personals i cartes. Una de les principals especialistes a l\u2019Estat espanyol en aquesta autora \u00e9s Em\u00edlia Bea P\u00e9rez<\/strong>, professora de Filosofia del Dret a la Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia. Recentment ha publicat el llibre Simone Weil. Biografia epistolar<\/em>.<\/p>\n

La Dra. Em\u00edlia Bea ens ofereix una selecci\u00f3 de cartes que permeten resseguir la traject\u00f2ria biogr\u00e0fica i intel\u00b7lectual, tan curta com intensa, d\u2019aquesta fil\u00f2sofa. En la introducci\u00f3, fa una apologia del g\u00e8nere epistolar avui en declivi pel canvi de les nostres coordenades mentals. Probablement, l\u2019\u00faltima carta en paper arribar\u00e0 en aquesta generaci\u00f3 per l\u2019aven\u00e7 irreversible d\u2019una \u00e8poca \u00e0grafa per als ciutadans.<\/p>\n

La correspond\u00e8ncia duu a terme les funcions essencials de l\u2019art de l\u2019escriptura: la comunicaci\u00f3, l\u2019expressi\u00f3 dels sentiments, el relat dels esdeveniments. Amb la desaparici\u00f3 de les cartes s\u2019afeblir\u00e0 la capacitat narrativa que infon sentit a la vida en sotmetre\u2019s un mateix a un proc\u00e9s reflexiu d\u2019interioritzaci\u00f3. I de retruc, es ressentir\u00e0 la facultat m\u00e9s important, segons Weil, per accedir a la veritat: l\u2019atenci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Enfront de la primacia de la immediatesa i la celeritat, la carta apel\u00b7la a l\u2019espera, al par\u00e8ntesi entre l\u2019enviament i l\u2019arribada de la resposta. Aix\u00ed mateix, obre l\u2019\u00e0mbit privat a la intersubjectivitat, ja que permet endinsar-se en la intimitat aliena.<\/p>\n

Llegir les cartes de Simone Weil implica emprendre un viatge a la seva subjectivitat, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 als esdeveniments que la van marcar (l\u2019ensenyament, el comprom\u00eds sindical, la f\u00e0brica, la Guerra Civil espanyola, la invasi\u00f3 nazi, la verema, l\u2019exili…) i van actuar com a catalitzadors en la g\u00e8nesi de les seves idees. En aquest sentit, el seu pensament filos\u00f2fic es va obrint pas a mesura que l\u2019explica a qui mereix la seva confian\u00e7a. A aquesta autora se li podria aplicar la frase d\u2019Unamuno: \u201cla meva biografia s\u00f3n les meves cartes\u201d.<\/p>\n

En l\u2019antologia que presenta la professora Em\u00edlia Bea s\u2019han seleccionat cartes representatives de les diferents etapes de la vida de la fil\u00f2sofa que van adre\u00e7ades a un total de catorze destinataris: el seu mestre, el fil\u00f2sof \u00c9mile Chartier (Alain); la seva amiga, la mestra i sindicalista Albertine Th\u00e9venon; la seva antiga alumna Simone Gibert; l\u2019escriptor Georges Bernanos; el tamb\u00e9 escriptor i pol\u00edtic Jean Giraudoux; el seu germ\u00e0, el matem\u00e0tic Andr\u00e9 Weil; el soldat republic\u00e0 espanyol Antonio Atar\u00e9s; el poeta occit\u00e0 Jo\u00eb Bousquet; el dominic Joseph Marie Perrin; l\u2019escriptor Gustave Thibon; el pensador Jacques Maritain; el pol\u00edtic Maurice Schumann; i, finalment, els seus pares, Selma i Bernard Weil.<\/p>\n

Podr\u00edem destacar alguns aspectes que apropen aquest conjunt de cartes a la nostra hist\u00f2ria. Tot i no incloure\u2019s cap de les cartes adre\u00e7ades a Boris Souvarine, s\u00ed que s\u2019hi fa refer\u00e8ncia a aquest dissident del Partit Comunista Franc\u00e8s en la carta enviada a Alain en la qual es parla de seu llibre sobre Stalin. La germana de Souvarine estava casada amb Joaquim Maur\u00edn, un dels dirigents del POUM. A trav\u00e9s d\u2019aquest contacte, Weil s\u2019introdu\u00ed en els cercles del comunisme alternatiu de Barcelona tant en el viatge de 1933 com despr\u00e9s durant la Guerra Civil.<\/p>\n

Seguint en aquest context hist\u00f2ric, la carta a Georges Bernanos ens aproxima a l\u2019experi\u00e8ncia de Weil amb els milicians anarquistes. Una experi\u00e8ncia no exempta de cr\u00edtica que ha estat replicada recentment a trav\u00e9s del llibre La columna<\/em> d\u2019Adrien Bosc.<\/p>\n

Les cartes a Antonio Atar\u00e9s ens tornen a conduir cap a una Weil preocupada pel conflicte espanyol, en aquest cas per la situaci\u00f3 personal d\u2019un soldat republic\u00e0 recl\u00f2s en diversos camps d\u2019internament.<\/p>\n

En les cartes de Weil apareixen altres temes com el treball, el colonialisme, la hist\u00f2ria de les matem\u00e0tiques, la II Guerra Mundial i, per descomptat, la seva inquietud religiosa. Tamb\u00e9 es tracten q\u00fcestions educatives que convindria tenir presents per no tornar a caure en errors comesos en altres \u00e8poques.<\/p>\n

En la carta a Alain denuncia com el paroxisme antijueu que impregna l\u2019Alemanya nazi els fa perdre el sentit de l\u2019objectivitat de les matem\u00e0tiques. El professor de la Universitat de Berl\u00edn, Ludwig Bieberbach, defensava una manera \u00e0ria de fer matem\u00e0tiques contraposada a la forma jueva. En concret, criticava el nombre \u03c0 perqu\u00e8 l\u2019autor de la demostraci\u00f3 que estableix la seva transcend\u00e8ncia \u00a0– \u00e9s a dir, que no \u00e9s zero de cap polinomi amb coeficients racionals- va ser un jueu: Ferdinand von Lindemann.<\/p>\n

Un altre tema relacionat amb l\u2019educaci\u00f3 dels joves el trobem en la carta adre\u00e7ada a la seva antiga alumna, Simone Gibert. Weil li diu: \u201cAquells que viuen de sensacions nom\u00e9s s\u00f3n, materialment i moralment, par\u00e0sits en relaci\u00f3 als homes treballadors i creadors, que s\u00f3n els \u00fanics homes. Cal dir que aquests darrers, que no busquen sensacions, en reben tanmateix de molt m\u00e9s vives, m\u00e9s profundes, menys artificials i m\u00e9s aut\u00e8ntiques que aquells que en busquen.\u201d<\/p>\n

I pel que fa als coneixements, en la carta a Gustave Thibon, Simone Weil afirma: \u201cCrec que la cultura intel\u00b7lectual, lluny de donar dret a privilegis, constitueix ella mateixa un enorme privilegi que comporta, en contrapartida, terribles responsabilitats\u201d.<\/p>\n

Actualment es proposa l\u2019ensenyament d\u2019unes matem\u00e0tiques impregnades d\u2019elements extracient\u00edfics, es promou la primacia de les emocions en l\u2019educaci\u00f3 i es considera el bagatge cultural com una q\u00fcesti\u00f3 elitista, contr\u00e0ria a l\u2019equitat. Per aix\u00f2, cal recuperar la lucidesa de Simone Weil, no en va una professora d\u2019institut compromesa en la transmissi\u00f3 de coneixements, sobretot a les classes treballadores.<\/p>\n

\n

T\u00edtol: <\/strong>Simone Weil. Biografia epistolar<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Editora i traductora: <\/strong>Emilia Bea P\u00e9rez<\/p>\n

ISBN: <\/strong>9788411184410<\/p>\n

Editorial: <\/strong>Publicacions de la Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia<\/span><\/p>\n

Idioma: <\/strong>Valenci\u00e0<\/p>\n

Nombre de p\u00e0gines: <\/strong>138<\/p>\n

Data de publicaci\u00f3: <\/strong>2024<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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