{"id":22473,"date":"2024-11-29T09:29:39","date_gmt":"2024-11-29T08:29:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=22473"},"modified":"2024-12-02T09:42:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-02T08:42:13","slug":"leducacio-i-la-divulgacio-com-a-eines-davant-de-les-catastrofes-naturals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/leducacio-i-la-divulgacio-com-a-eines-davant-de-les-catastrofes-naturals\/","title":{"rendered":"L’educaci\u00f3 i la divulgaci\u00f3 com a eines davant de les cat\u00e0strofes naturals"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’educaci\u00f3 i la divulgaci\u00f3 com a eines davant de les cat\u00e0strofes naturals<\/h1>\n
\"\"
Efectes de les inundacions del temporal Gl\u00f2ria (gener de 2020) a la ciutat de Girona. \/ Foto: cortesia de l’autor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

David Brusi<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Els efectes catastr\u00f2fics de la DANA<\/strong> a la zona llevantina de la pen\u00ednsula ib\u00e8rica han tornat a posar de manifest la necessitat d’abordar des d’un enfocament multidisciplinari la diagnosi dels fets i de les mesures a adoptar perqu\u00e8 l’impacte dels riscos naturals<\/strong> es pugui minimitzar en un futur.<\/p>\n

L’an\u00e0lisi i les propostes han de contemplar, indubtablement, la contribuci\u00f3 de persones expertes a diferents camps del coneixement. Tamb\u00e9, per descomptat, de les administracions i els organismes p\u00fablics.<\/p>\n

Els manuals m\u00e9s b\u00e0sics sobre riscos defineixen la regla de les tres \u201cP\u201d per enfrontar-se als perills: Predicci\u00f3, Previsi\u00f3 i Prevenci\u00f3<\/strong>. Tres termes que comencen pel prefix \u201cpre<\/strong>\u201d. Aix\u00f2 vol dir que s’han d’aplicar anticipadament a la cat\u00e0strofe. Pel que fa a la predicci\u00f3, seran fonamentals les aportacions dels pron\u00f2stics meteorol\u00f2gics en el context de l’increment d’aquests episodis com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia del canvi clim\u00e0tic.<\/p>\n

La previsi\u00f3 suposa un enfocament predictiu m\u00e9s profund que permet establir la probabilitat d\u2019ocurr\u00e8ncia d\u2019un fenomen i considerar els factors naturals i antr\u00f2pics condicionants d\u2019un proc\u00e9s o dels seus efectes. A la previsi\u00f3 resulta imprescindible el punt de vista de la Geologia<\/strong> at\u00e8s que la Geomorfologia i el registre geol\u00f2gic aporten a cada regi\u00f3 les evid\u00e8ncies de la din\u00e0mica del nostre planeta. L\u00f2gicament, la cartografia de les zones inundables \u00e9s indispensable. No podem oblidar que una cat\u00e0strofe natural sorgeix d\u2019una simple relaci\u00f3 d\u2019interfer\u00e8ncia entre l\u2019activitat humana i els processos naturals potencialment perillosos. Per aix\u00f2, \u00e9s indiscutible la transcend\u00e8ncia de la planificaci\u00f3 urban\u00edstica<\/strong> i l\u2019estudi de l\u2019impacte de les obres d\u2019enginyeria<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Dibujo de Quim Paredes (1995) en Brusi et al. (2000). Lectura ambiental de Cartograf\u00eda Geol\u00f3gica\u201d. Ense\u00f1anza de las Ciencias de la Tierra, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 247-260<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Entre les actuacions de prevenci\u00f3 hi ha totes aquelles que persegueixen disminuir al m\u00ednim els danys materials i personals que pot ocasionar un risc. Ser\u00e0 important\u00edssima l’adopci\u00f3 de mesures estructurals que tenen per objectiu mitigar el risc actuant sobre la intensitat o els efectes dels processos. Entre elles hi trobem les obres de contenci\u00f3 o refor\u00e7<\/strong>. Aix\u00f2 no vol dir, per\u00f2, que la completa artificialitzaci\u00f3 dels cursos fluvials hagi d’anul\u00b7lar la seva funci\u00f3 hidro-geol\u00f2gica i ecol\u00f2gica. Tamb\u00e9 ser\u00e0 primordial la implantaci\u00f3 de mecanismes i sistemes d’alerta primerenca<\/strong> i la definici\u00f3 de plans d’evacuaci\u00f3 i de gesti\u00f3 de les emerg\u00e8ncies<\/strong>. Tot aix\u00f2 sustentat per una legislaci\u00f3<\/strong> que reguli aquests aspectes i una responsabilitat pol\u00edtica i administrativa<\/strong> que en garanteixi el compliment.<\/p>\n

Tanmateix, l’impacte hum\u00e0 de les cat\u00e0strofes naturals sovint no t\u00e9 en consideraci\u00f3 que la percepci\u00f3 p\u00fablica i individual del risc se sustenta en l’educaci\u00f3<\/strong>. Tot i que la fatalitat sempre hi t\u00e9 cabuda, la formaci\u00f3 ens fa menys vulnerables davant dels riscos naturals. La cultura cient\u00edfica de la ciutadania salva vides<\/strong>, protegeix les propietats i contribueix a prendre les decisions col\u00b7lectives i personals m\u00e9s encertades. La informaci\u00f3 i la conscienciaci\u00f3 ha de recaure en els diversos organismes competents en la gesti\u00f3 del risc en les diferents escales estatals, auton\u00f2miques i municipals.<\/p>\n

L’educaci\u00f3 formal davant del risc, en canvi, \u00e9s responsabilitat, en primer lloc, de les administracions educatives i, tamb\u00e9, del professorat que l’ha de dirigir en el marc de les assignatures corresponents. Despr\u00e9s de les reformes educatives recents a l’estat espanyol, la Geologia s’est\u00e0 deixant d’impartir als nostres plans d’estudi<\/strong>. Les Ci\u00e8ncies de la Terra haurien d’estar integrades als curr\u00edculums amb una pres\u00e8ncia equivalent a la resta de ci\u00e8ncies b\u00e0siques. Els seus continguts haurien de ser obligat\u00f2riament impartits a les mat\u00e8ries de tots els nivells obligatoris. Al Batxillerat, no hauria de ser una assignatura exclusiva de la modalitat de Ci\u00e8ncies i Tecnologia. A segon de Batxillerat no hi ajuden res les ponderacions que s’atorguen a la Geologia a les proves d’acc\u00e9s a la universitat. El pes donat a la Geologia i les Ci\u00e8ncies Ambientals hauria de ser establert d’una manera homog\u00e8nia per a tot l’estat espanyo<\/strong>l i no deixat a criteri de cada universitat o comunitat aut\u00f2noma. Aquesta mat\u00e8ria constitueix una base conceptual essencial per a nombrosos graus universitaris. Nom\u00e9s per posar un indicador d’aquesta reculada, a la comunitat valenciana el 2014 es van presentar a les proves de selectivitat per a l’assignatura de Geologia unes 3200 persones. Aquest 2024, nom\u00e9s 103! I aquesta tend\u00e8ncia \u00e9s equivalent per a la resta del nostre pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Davant de la gravetat de la situaci\u00f3, l’AEPECT (de la m\u00e0 de la Sociedad Geol\u00f3gica de Espa\u00f1a<\/em>, la Asociaci\u00f3n de Decanos de Geolog\u00eda<\/em> i del Colegio Oficial de Ge\u00f3logos<\/em>) va liderar la mobilitzaci\u00f3 de 33 societats i organismes espanyols relacionats amb les Ci\u00e8ncies de la Terra que van subscriure el 2021 el \u201cManifest per una adequada pres\u00e8ncia de la Geologia al curr\u00edculum de la LOMLOE<\/strong>\u201d que va ser enviat al Ministeri d’Educaci\u00f3 i a tots els grups pol\u00edtics parlamentaris del Congr\u00e9s dels Diputats.<\/p>\n

En paral\u00b7lel, i m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 del sistema educatiu, la comunitat cient\u00edfica que s’ocupa dels riscos naturals necessita la implicaci\u00f3 entusiasta i la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 activa dels mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3. En la divulgaci\u00f3 dels fen\u00f2mens que ocasionen les cat\u00e0strofes i en les mesures de prevenci\u00f3 que en poden minimitzar els efectes, els mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 poden i han de tenir un paper formatiu fonamental que, sens dubte, ser\u00e0 amplificat per les xarxes socials<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

En un treball presentat al IV Congr\u00e9s sobre Comunicaci\u00f3 Social de la Ci\u00e8ncia, celebrat a Madrid el 2007, els seus autors es formulaven algunes preguntes: \u00c9s l\u00f2gic que al segle XXI seguim atribuint les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies dels desastres a les \u201cforces imprevisibles de la natura\u201d? Les not\u00edcies de cat\u00e0strofes aprofiten prou la seva capacitat d’impacte i influ\u00e8ncia per a proporcionar una informaci\u00f3 objectiva dels fen\u00f2mens? I, m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de la trag\u00e8dia, per qu\u00e8 els mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 rarament ofereixen informaci\u00f3 sobre mesures preventives davant dels riscos?<\/p>\n

Les respostes a algunes d’aquestes q\u00fcestions es van vehicular a trav\u00e9s de la proposta d’un \u201cCodi de bones pr\u00e0ctiques informatives sobre cat\u00e0strofes naturals<\/strong>\u201d que va ser publicat m\u00e9s tard a la revista Ense\u00f1anza de las Ciencias de la Tierra<\/em> i que es pot consultar a la seva versi\u00f3 digital<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Codi de bones pr\u00e0ctiques informatives a les cat\u00e0strofes naturals (Brusi, Alfaro i Gonz\u00e1lez, 2007).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La cat\u00e0strofe derivada de la DANA al llevant espanyol no \u00e9s un fenomen extraordinari. Els riscos naturals s\u00f3n una manifestaci\u00f3 recurrent de la din\u00e0mica de la Terra i els seus efectes es poden incrementar en un futur a causa de l’extensi\u00f3 territorial m\u00e9s gran de l’activitat humana. Entre les mesures de predicci\u00f3, previsi\u00f3 i prevenci\u00f3, l’educaci\u00f3 i la divulgaci\u00f3 han de jugar un paper de vital import\u00e0ncia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Els efectes catastr\u00f2fics de la DANA a la zona llevantina de la pen\u00ednsula ib\u00e8rica han tornat a posar de manifest la necessitat d’abordar des d’un enfocament multidisciplinari la diagnosi dels fets i de les mesures a adoptar perqu\u00e8 l’impacte dels riscos naturals es pugui minimitzar en un futur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":22447,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[219],"tags":[1801],"class_list":["post-22473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-ca","tag-geologia-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nL'educaci\u00f3 i la divulgaci\u00f3 com a eines davant de les cat\u00e0strofes naturals - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Els efectes catastr\u00f2fics de la 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