{"id":21353,"date":"2024-10-30T08:57:48","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T07:57:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=21353"},"modified":"2024-10-30T08:57:58","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T07:57:58","slug":"el-desmantellament-de-la-fp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/el-desmantellament-de-la-fp\/","title":{"rendered":"El desmantellament de la FP"},"content":{"rendered":"

El desmantellament de la FP<\/h1>\n
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Foto de Andrea Piacquadio: https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/es-es\/foto\/trabajadores-que-manejan-el-detalle-por-la-herramienta-neumatica-en-el-taller-3846262\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Antoni Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Promoure l’augment de les pr\u00e0ctiques a les empreses a la Formaci\u00f3 Professional, i alhora mantenir les hores totals dels cicles formatius, \u00e9s en realitat una retallada encoberta d’hores de professorat, continguts i pr\u00e0ctiques de taller.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La implementaci\u00f3 de la nova Formaci\u00f3 Professional (FP) a Espanya<\/strong>, prevista per al curs 2024-2025, es va plasmar amb la publicaci\u00f3 el maig del 2024 de quatre reials decrets al BOE<\/a>, amb els quals es completava aix\u00ed el marc normatiu de la nova Llei de Formaci\u00f3 Professional, en all\u00f2 que s’ha pret\u00e8s sigui una transici\u00f3 definitiva a un sistema dual en tots els cicles de Grau Mitj\u00e0 i Grau Superior. El Govern diu al portal TodoFP<\/a> que: “Es tracta d’un model \u00fanic dirigit a tota la ciutadania i connectat amb la realitat econ\u00f2mica per garantir l’ocupabilitat de joves i treballadors i l’\u00e8xit de les empreses”.<\/p>\n

Amb molt menys soroll medi\u00e0tic que altres desprop\u00f2sits de la LOMLOE, la reforma trasllada hores que fins ara s’impartien als centres educatius a les pr\u00e0ctiques a les empreses i entitats col\u00b7laboradores. Aix\u00ed, sota el paradigma d’augmentar les pr\u00e0ctiques, s’est\u00e0 enviant de facto els alumnes a les empreses amb menys preparaci\u00f3<\/strong>. Es promou que els estudiants alternin els seus estudis al centre educatiu i la seva incorporaci\u00f3 pr\u00e0ctica a les empreses des del primer any, eliminant gradualment el m\u00f2dul de Formaci\u00f3 en Centres de Treball (FCT), que anteriorment es realitzava en general al final de la formaci\u00f3 o , als cicles de dos cursos, durant el segon, amb els alumnes ja m\u00e9s s\u00f2lidament preparats.<\/p>\n

Crec que tots coincidim que les pr\u00e0ctiques en empresa s\u00f3n fonamentals en la Formaci\u00f3 Professional. Augmentar les seves hores era una cosa desitjada i necess\u00e0ria en algunes especialitats i cicles (en qu\u00e8 la llei anterior marcava un nombre d’hores anormalment baix), mentre que en altres s’haurien d’haver redu\u00eft una mica, especialment quan les pr\u00e0ctiques a l\u2019empresa s’han convertit, sistem\u00e0ticament, en alguns sectors i fam\u00edlies professionals, en una manera de tenir m\u00e0 d’obra barata. Passa quan les pr\u00e0ctiques deixen de ser formatives per ser una feina mal pagada o gratis.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s matem\u00e0tic: la pres\u00e8ncia m\u00e9s gran dels estudiants a les empreses redueix el temps de formaci\u00f3 a l’aula i el nombre de professors necessaris.<\/strong> Hi ha una disminuci\u00f3 de les hores docents perqu\u00e8 no se solen augmentar les hores als tutors de pr\u00e0ctiques, que es computen segons el nombre d’alumnes tutelats. Hi ha tamb\u00e9 una reducci\u00f3 de continguts te\u00f2rics a impartir, a les fam\u00edlies professionals on aquests predominen, aix\u00ed com de les hores dedicades a tallers, pr\u00e0ctiques o laboratoris, on s\u00f3n essencials. Pensem en els cicles formatius de mec\u00e0nica, ebenisteria, electricitat, perruqueria, auxiliar de laboratori o infermeria, per esmentar-ne alguns, on, controlats dins de la \u201cbombolla\u201d dels centres, els estudiants aprenen els fonaments de cada ofici, amb la finalitat d\u2019assolir una preparaci\u00f3 imprescindible abans de llan\u00e7ar-los a les pr\u00e0ctiques a les empreses.<\/p>\n

Perqu\u00e8 \u00e9s all\u00e0, a les aules i tallers dels centres educatius on els estudiants poden equivocar-se, millorar les seves habilitats pr\u00e0ctiques i, en definitiva, aprendre ajudats pels seus professors. Despr\u00e9s d’aquest canvi legislatiu s’ha posat en dubte la necessitat mateixa de la \u201cformaci\u00f3 professional\u201d, ja que si et poden enviar a una empresa, com els aprenents d’abans, a les primeres de canvi i gaireb\u00e9 sense saber res, perqu\u00e8 no t’han donat ni el temps ni l’oportunitat, de qu\u00e8 serveix la mateixa FP? La profunditat i qualitat de la formaci\u00f3 impartida als centres \u00e9s fonamental com a pas previ a les pr\u00e0ctiques al m\u00f3n laboral, on tot dependr\u00e0 de la loteria d’on et toqui<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

A m\u00e9s d’aquesta nova estructura dual, els nous cicles formatius incorporen m\u00f2duls sobre digitalitzaci\u00f3, sostenibilitat, angl\u00e8s t\u00e8cnic i un \u201citinerari personal per a l’ocupabilitat\u201d, que substitueix els m\u00f2duls de Formaci\u00f3 i Orientaci\u00f3 Laboral (FOL) i els d’Empresa i Iniciativa Emprenedora (EIE). Puc entendre aix\u00f2 de la digitalitzaci\u00f3, si realment s’ofereix una formaci\u00f3 tecnol\u00f2gica s\u00f2lida, amb una did\u00e0ctica espec\u00edfica de cada especialitat, aix\u00ed com la introducci\u00f3 de l’angl\u00e8s com a lingua franca<\/em>, per\u00f2 permetin-me dubtar del tema de la sostenibilitat i del medi\u00e0tic \u201citinerari personal\u201d a centres massificats.<\/p>\n

Per cert, no oblidem tampoc la incorporaci\u00f3 del Projecte Intermodular<\/em><\/strong>, que pret\u00e9n simular situacions reals del sistema productiu al centre educatiu: per\u00f2 que no anaven a fer m\u00e9s pr\u00e0ctiques a les empreses? Per qu\u00e8 simular all\u00f2 que se suposa que m\u00e9s s’est\u00e0 vivint in situ<\/em>? Els projectes s\u00f3n fonamentals en moltes especialitats de formaci\u00f3 professional, com \u00e9s el cas dels cicles formatius de disseny, que vaig impartir fa for\u00e7a anys. Per\u00f2 haurien de ser projectes que ja partissin d’un coneixement profund de l’especialitat, amb unes pr\u00e0ctiques pr\u00e8vies que permetin desenvolupar les habilitats pr\u00e0ctiques, constructives per exemple, inherents al projecte. Ara b\u00e9, de nou, imposar per llei una metodologia, amb un m\u00f2dul obligatori en tot cicle formatiu, sense mirar-ne l’adequaci\u00f3 a cada fam\u00edlia professional, condueix al desmantellament sigil\u00b7l\u00f3s de la Formaci\u00f3 Professional.<\/p>\n

De fet, en alguns cicles formatius on ja existia un m\u00f2dul de projectes, ara hi conviuran dos m\u00f2duls del mateix. El somni de la ra\u00f3 produeix monstres bic\u00e8fals. Perqu\u00e8 els projectes, ben entesos i realitzats, ja eren intermodulars, no? Sospito que plantejar aquesta nova mat\u00e8ria alleugereix els governs de la c\u00e0rrega de buscar docents d’especialitats on no els troben: perqu\u00e8 si \u00e9s un projecte intermodular, pel que sembla val qualsevol per impartir-lo…<\/p>\n

D’aqu\u00ed uns anys recollirem els fruits d’aquest disbarat. \u00abL’eso\u00eftzaci\u00f3<\/em>\u00bb de l’FP<\/strong>. D’una FP a qu\u00e8 acudeixen cada cop m\u00e9s estudiants des de la secund\u00e0ria i la formaci\u00f3 d’adults, de vegades per inter\u00e8s o vocaci\u00f3, de vegades per necessitat, o perqu\u00e8 l’acc\u00e9s a la universitat s’ha tornat impossible; d’una FP on s’aposenten les esperances de les empreses i d’una societat \u00e0vida de t\u00e8cnics a molts sectors productius, persones preparades que no es troben; d’una FP de la qual, deixem-nos estar, dep\u00e8n el bon funcionament de l’economia i de la societat.<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2 al m\u00f3n al rev\u00e9s, el sistema sembla entestat a inculcar els ideals del neoliberalisme i els interessos empresarials en l’educaci\u00f3 obligat\u00f2ria, mentre desmantella i redueix la seva inversi\u00f3 en la Formaci\u00f3 professional, en una contradicci\u00f3. O potser no.<\/p>\n

\n
Refer\u00e8ncies:<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Butlletins oficials de l’estat (BOE) de la nova formaci\u00f3 professional a Espanya (maig 2024):<\/p>\n

Grado B\u00e1sico<\/a>Enlace externo, se abre en ventana nuev<\/a><\/p>\n

Grado Medio<\/a>Enlace externo, se abre en ventana nueva<\/a><\/p>\n

Grado Superior<\/a>Enlace externo, se abre en ventana nueva<\/a><\/p>\n

Cursos de Especializaci\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El desmantellament de la FP Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons   Antoni Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez   Promoure l’augment de les pr\u00e0ctiques a les empreses a la Formaci\u00f3 Professional, i alhora mantenir les hores totals dels cicles formatius, \u00e9s en realitat una retallada encoberta d’hores de professorat, continguts i pr\u00e0ctiques de taller.   La implementaci\u00f3 de la nova Formaci\u00f3 Professional […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":21347,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[686],"tags":[2023,307,2024,2025],"class_list":["post-21353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-peu-daula","tag-formacio-professional","tag-lomloe-ca","tag-practiques-fp","tag-projecte-intermodular"],"yoast_head":"\nEl desmantellament de la FP - 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