{"id":20159,"date":"2024-10-04T16:54:40","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T14:54:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=20159"},"modified":"2024-10-04T16:54:57","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T14:54:57","slug":"els-deu-dies-que-no-van-existir-la-implantacio-del-calendari-gregoria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/els-deu-dies-que-no-van-existir-la-implantacio-del-calendari-gregoria\/","title":{"rendered":"Els deu dies que no van existir. La implantaci\u00f3 del calendari gregori\u00e0"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

VA SUCCEIR\u2026<\/span><\/h3>\n

L\u2019endem\u00e0 del 4 d’octubre del 1582 no va ser el 5, sin\u00f3 el 15 d’octubre<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Els deu dies que no van existir. La implantaci\u00f3 del calendari gregori\u00e0<\/h1>\n
\"\"
Gregorio XIII. \/ Wikimedia<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Xavier Mass\u00f3<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u2019endem\u00e0 del 4 d’octubre del 1582 no va ser el 5, sin\u00f3 el 15 d’octubre. La ra\u00f3 d’aquesta anomalia fou l\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 del nou calendari que el Papa Gregori XIII<\/strong> havia decretat, tot modificant el fins l\u2019aleshores vigent per un de nou m\u00e9s ajustat a la realitat astron\u00f3mica. En honor seu es va denominar calendari gregori\u00e0<\/strong>. Aix\u00ed, l’any 1582 nom\u00e9s va tenir 355 dies.<\/p>\n

El grec alexandr\u00ed Erat\u00f2stenes havia establert al segle III a.C. la durada d’un any en 365 dies \u2013el temps que la Terra triga a completar una \u00f2rbita al voltant del Sol\u2013. Erat\u00f2stenes tamb\u00e9 havia establert la correcci\u00f3 d’un dia m\u00e9s cada quatre anys, els anys de trasp\u00e0s. Se’l va denominar calendari juli\u00e0 perqu\u00e8 va ser Juli C\u00e8sar qui el va adoptar oficialment a Roma el segle I a.C. Per\u00f2 tampoc no era exactament aix\u00ed. En realitat, la Terra inverteix una mica menys de 365,25 dies en completar una \u00f2rbita completa al voltant del Sol, aproximadament 365,242189 dies.<\/p>\n

L’any 325, el concili de Nicea va adaptar les festes del calendari lit\u00fargic cristi\u00e0 en funci\u00f3 del moment astral en qu\u00e8 s’havia de celebrar la Pasqua, que es regeix pel calendari lunar, i la resta de festes m\u00f2bils en funci\u00f3 d’aquesta. La Pasqua es va establir per al primer diumenge despr\u00e9s de la primera lluna plena despr\u00e9s de l’equinocci de primavera -a l’hemisferi nord-. Aquell any, l’equinocci de primavera va coincidir amb el dia 21 de mar\u00e7.<\/p>\n

El desfasament entre 365,25 dies i 365,242189 \u00e9s d’uns 11 minuts anuals. Va ser imperceptible al principi, per\u00f2 al cap dels 1257 anys que van del 325 al 1582, s’havia acumulat un \u00abretard\u00bb deu dies. I \u00e9s clar, l’equinocci de primavera estava tenint lloc, segons el calendari hum\u00e0, deu dies abans del que tocava. Al pas que se n’anava i si no s’hagu\u00e9s corregit, en uns quinze segles m\u00e9s s\u2019hauria estat entrant a la primavera a finals de febrer. I amb uns quants de milers d\u2019anys, hauria acabat coincidint amb el dia de Nadal\u2026<\/p>\n

Astr\u00f2noms de la Universitat de Salamanca ja havien advertit aquest desfasament l\u2019any 1515, i n\u2019havien informat el Vatic\u00e0, que en va fer cas om\u00eds. Novament, el 1578, van informar de nou a la Santa Seu. A la segona advert\u00e8ncia es va crear una comissi\u00f3 per estudiar el tema, en qu\u00e8 van destacar els astr\u00f2noms Christopher Clavius, Luigi Lilio i Pedro Chac\u00f3n. Es va comprovar tamb\u00e9 que a les Tablas Alfons\u00edes<\/em> -les primeres taules astron\u00f2miques de l\u2019Europa cristiana-, elaborades el segle XIII a iniciativa d’Alfons X el Savi, s’havia assignat a l’any tr\u00f2pic un valor de 365 dies, 5 hores, 49 minuts i 16 segons. Es va redactar un Compendium<\/em> i el 14 de setembre del 1580 es va aprovar la reforma del calendari, que es duria a la pr\u00e0ctica dos anys despr\u00e9s: el 5 d’octubre del 1582 seria el 15 d’aquest mateix mes.<\/p>\n

Com a correcci\u00f3 de l’error que havia produ\u00eft el desfasament, es va establir que no serien de trasp\u00e0s els anys m\u00faltiples de 4 que ho fossin tamb\u00e9 de 100, amb l’excepci\u00f3 dels que fossin tamb\u00e9 m\u00faltiples de 400, que s\u00ed que ho serien. Aix\u00ed, els anys 1700, 1800 i 1900 no van ser de trasp\u00e0s, mentre que s\u00ed que ho van ser el 1600, el 2000 i ho ser\u00e0 el 2400.<\/p>\n

Els primers pa\u00efsos que van adoptar el calendari gregori\u00e0 van ser els de l’orbe cat\u00f2lic: La Santa Seu, Espanya \u2013i les seves possessions d\u2019ultramar- i els principats i estats italians; Fran\u00e7a el va adoptar el 9 de desembre del mateix any. El 1583 ho van adoptar els estats alemanys cat\u00f2lics i els Pa\u00efsos Baixos (nom\u00e9s els cat\u00f2lics). Anglaterra ho va fer gaireb\u00e9 dos segles m\u00e9s tard, el 1752. Altres van trigar encara m\u00e9s: la Xina el 1912, R\u00fassia el 1918, Gr\u00e8cia el 1923\u2026<\/p>\n

Tot i els seus indubtables avantatges sobre el juli\u00e0, el calendari gregori\u00e0 tampoc \u00e9s exacte al cent per cent. Ajusta l’any a 365,2425 dies, deixant una difer\u00e8ncia de 0,000300926 dies, \u00e9s a dir, uns 20 segons cada any, la qual cosa significa que cal un reajustament d\u2019un dia cada 3.300 anys. En qualsevol cas, es considera excessivament complicat intentar crear una regla per corregir aquest desfasament, perqu\u00e8\u00a0 tamb\u00e9 la Terra es desaccelera en els seus moviments de rotaci\u00f3 i de translaci\u00f3, cosa que introdueix una nova difer\u00e8ncia de temps que caldria anar corregint. De manera que el m\u00e9s pr\u00e0ctic sembla ser que quan el desfasament arribi a ser d’un dia -dins d’uns milers d’anys-, s’estableixi com a any de trasp\u00e0s un any que no li correspongui ser-ho\u2026 O, tamb\u00e9, at\u00e8s el temps que encara falta, doncs que facin el que vulguin, perqu\u00e8 no es descartable que, al pas que anem, d\u2019aqu\u00ed uns milers d\u2019anys, manin els terraplanistes\u2026<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019endem\u00e0 del 4 d’octubre del 1582 no va ser el 5, sin\u00f3 el 15 d’octubre. La ra\u00f3 d’aquesta anomalia fou l\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 del nou calendari que el Papa Gregori XIII havia decretat, tot modificant el fins l\u2019aleshores vigent per un de nou m\u00e9s ajustat a la realitat astron\u00f3mica. En honor seu es va denominar calendari gregori\u00e0. Aix\u00ed, l’any 1582 nom\u00e9s va tenir 355 dies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":20380,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[232,1650],"tags":[1831,1830],"class_list":["post-20159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-humanitats","category-va-succeir","tag-calendari-gregoria","tag-gregori-xiii"],"yoast_head":"\nEls deu dies que no van existir. La implantaci\u00f3 del calendari gregori\u00e0 - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019endem\u00e0 del 4 d'octubre del 1582 no va ser el 5, sin\u00f3 el 15 d'octubre. 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En honor seu es va denominar calendari gregori\u00e0. Aix\u00ed, l'any 1582 nom\u00e9s va tenir 355 dies.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/els-deu-dies-que-no-van-existir-la-implantacio-del-calendari-gregoria\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/els-deu-dies-que-no-van-existir-la-implantacio-del-calendari-gregoria\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/els-deu-dies-que-no-van-existir-la-implantacio-del-calendari-gregoria\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Gregorio-XIII.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Gregorio-XIII.jpg","width":800,"height":480,"caption":"Gregorio XIII. \/ Wikimedia"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/els-deu-dies-que-no-van-existir-la-implantacio-del-calendari-gregoria\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Els deu dies que no van existir. 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