{"id":19890,"date":"2024-09-29T10:50:09","date_gmt":"2024-09-29T08:50:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=19890"},"modified":"2024-09-29T18:11:29","modified_gmt":"2024-09-29T16:11:29","slug":"miguel-servet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/miguel-servet\/","title":{"rendered":"Miguel Servet"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

VA SUCCEIR\u2026<\/span><\/h3>\n

El 29 de setembre de 1509<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Naixia\u00a0Miguel Servet<\/h1>\n

Te\u00f2leg, metge i cient\u00edfic<\/p>\n

\"\"
Christoffel van Sichem, Retrat de Miguel Servet, buril. Inscripci\u00f3; Michael Servetus Hispanus de Aragonia. Signat CVSichem fecit – Wikimedia\u00a0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Xavier Mass\u00f3<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

El 29 de setembre de 1509 naixia a Villanueva de Sigena<\/em> (Osca, Arag\u00f3, Espanya) Miguel Servet<\/strong>, te\u00f2leg, metge i cient\u00edfic. Va ser el descobridor de la circulaci\u00f3 menor de la sang<\/strong> i el primer que va proposar que recorria l’organisme mitjan\u00e7ant un sistema circulatori. De posicions religioses her\u00e8tiques, tant per a cat\u00f2lics com per a protestants, va ser cremat viu a Ginebra per ordre de Calv\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Generalment es tendeix a creure que els cremadors de bruixes, jueus i heretges van ser els cat\u00f2lics amb les seves inquisicions, els seus autos de fe<\/em> i les seves fogueres. I si b\u00e9 \u00e9s cert que es van dedicar amb aut\u00e8ntic fervor a aquests menesters, no ho \u00e9s menys que els protestants \u2013anglicans, luterans, calvinistes\u2026- no els van anar pas al darrere, arribant fins i tot a superar-los \u00e0mpliament en moltes ocasions, tant en qualitat com en quantitat. Miguel Servet n’\u00e9s un trist exemple.<\/p>\n

Servet va ser un t\u00edpic personatge renaixentista<\/strong>, potser en la seva versi\u00f3 un xic atrabili\u00e0ria -com ho ser\u00e0 tamb\u00e9 un altre il\u00b7lustre m\u00e0rtir laic, l’itali\u00e0 Giordano Bruno<\/strong>-, un erudit t\u00edpic de la seva \u00e8poca, d’esperit cr\u00edtic i heterodox, una mica exc\u00e8ntric i segurament tamb\u00e9 ingenu, per\u00f2 un erudit. El seu pare era el notari de Sigena i la seva mare provenia d’una fam\u00edlia jueva conversa. Va destacar aviat en els seus estudis i va ser pupil de fra Juan de Quintana<\/strong>, que va arribar a ser confessor de Carles I d\u2019Espanya. Despr\u00e9s d’estudiar Dret a Tolosa, va acompanyar Quintana per Europa viatjant en el seguici reial i assistint a la coronaci\u00f3 de Carles I com a emperador Carles V a Bolonya l’any 1530.<\/p>\n

S’interess\u00e0 pel protestantisme<\/strong>, alhora que entrava freq\u00fcentment en pol\u00e8mica amb els seus l\u00edders teol\u00f2gics. Negava la Trinitat, considerant que Jesucrist era un home, per\u00f2 admetent que Maria havia estat fecundada pel logos div\u00ed. I entenia que l’Esperit Sant era la manera com D\u00e9u es manifestava als homes. Posteriorment, va anar inclinant-se cap a una mena de panteisme una mica sincr\u00e8tic<\/strong>, que irritava per igual a cat\u00f2lics que a protestants. Mal assumpte…<\/p>\n

Despr\u00e9s de completar la seva obra ‘Dels errors sobre la Trinitat<\/strong>‘, no se li va acudir altra cosa que enviar-ne una c\u00f2pia al bisbe de Saragossa, que va quedar horroritzat i ho va posar en coneixement de la Inquisici\u00f3. Servet es trobava llavors a Fran\u00e7a, ra\u00f3 per la qual va comen\u00e7ar a ser buscat pels inquisidors francesos<\/strong>. Aleshores va adoptar el nom franc\u00e8s de Michel de Villeneuve<\/strong> i va aconseguir passar desapercebut. El 1537 es va traslladar a Par\u00eds per estudiar medicina a la Sorbona.<\/p>\n

Va mantenir correspond\u00e8ncia amb Calv\u00ed<\/strong>, que havia instaurat la seva particular rep\u00fablica teocr\u00e0tica a la ciutat de Ginebra, al qual va enviar una c\u00f2pia de la seva obra ‘Restituci\u00f3 del Cristianisme<\/strong>‘, una tractat que, tot i ser eminentment teol\u00f2gic, exposava per primera vegada la circulaci\u00f3 menor de la sang<\/strong>, del cor als pulmons i dels pulmons al cor. \u00c9s possible que Servet no fos plenament conscient de la transcendental import\u00e0ncia del seu descobriment. Per Servet, aix\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 era teologia, doncs la sang era la transportadora de l’\u00e0nima. Tanmateix, Calv\u00ed s\u00ed que en va ser plenament conscient i ho va considerar heretgia monstruosa<\/strong>. Per reconvertir-lo, Calv\u00ed li va enviar un exemplar de la seva ‘Instituci\u00f3 de la Religi\u00f3 Cristiana’. Servet va anotar als marges de les p\u00e0gines \u2013com era usual en aquella \u00e8poca- les observacions i correccions que va considerar oportunes i li va reenviar a Calv\u00ed, que s\u2019ho va prendre molt malament i li va escriure advertint-lo que si s’acostava per Ginebra, ho passaria malament.<\/p>\n

‘La Restituci\u00f3 del Cristianisme’, es va publicar an\u00f2nimament a Fran\u00e7a el 1553 i va provocar un gran enrenou, tot essent considerat un llibre impiu, i el seu desconegut autor un heretge amb ordre de recerca i captura. I alg\u00fa va veure l’oportunitat de destruir definitivament Servet\/Villeneuve<\/strong>. Una misteriosa carta \u00aban\u00f2nima\u00bb procedent de Ginebra, m\u00e9s que probablement escrita pel mateix Calv\u00ed, en qu\u00e8 es revelava el nom de l’autor de l’obra, va arribar a les mans de l’inquisidor de Li\u00f3. Servet va ser detingut, tancat i condemnat a mort<\/strong>. Per\u00f2 va aconseguir escapar-se de la pres\u00f3, ra\u00f3 per la qual nom\u00e9s va poder ser cremat en ef\u00edgie\u2026 de moment.<\/p>\n

Buscat a l’orbe cat\u00f2lic, potser Servet va pensar que Calv\u00ed hauria oblidat la seva amena\u00e7a i es va dirigir a Ginebra, s’ignora si amb la intenci\u00f3 de refugiar-s’hi o en tr\u00e0nsit cap a It\u00e0lia. El cas \u00e9s que Calv\u00ed el va recon\u00e8ixer mentre assistia a un serm\u00f3 seu i el va fer detenir<\/strong>. Servet va ser torturat i jutjat per heretgia. La seva defensa va consistir en intentar argumentar que l’aut\u00e8ntic heretge era Calv\u00ed, la qual cosa va empitjorar encara m\u00e9s la seva ja prou prec\u00e0ria situaci\u00f3, perqu\u00e8 a Calv\u00ed no li interessava per a res el debat. Servet va ser cremat a la foguera el 23 d’octubre de 1553<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nom\u00e9s una veu es va al\u00e7ar en defensa de Servet. Un dign\u00edssim humanista, Sebasti\u00e1n Castellio<\/strong>, defensor a ultran\u00e7a de la llibertat de consci\u00e8ncia. Es va atrevir a qualificar d’assassinat la condemna de Servet i va mantenir una coneguda amb Calvino una controv\u00e8rsia que \u00e9s un aut\u00e8ntic al\u00b7legat a la llibertat d’expressi\u00f3 i contra la intoler\u00e0ncia i la tirania. Castellio es va deslliurar de la foguera perqu\u00e8 va fugir a Berna i va morir abans que Calvino aconsegu\u00eds ca\u00e7ar-lo. En paraules de Stefan Zweig<\/strong>, Castellio va morir \u201cArrabassat per la bondat divina de les urpes dels seus adversaris<\/em>\u201d. Servet no va tenir aquesta sort. A tots dos, Servet i Castellio, el nostre homenatge d’avui.<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El 29 de setembre de 1509 naixia a Villanueva de Sigena (Osca, Arag\u00f3, Espanya) Miguel Servet, te\u00f2leg, metge i cient\u00edfic. Va ser el descobridor de la circulaci\u00f3 menor de la sang i el primer que va proposar que recorria l’organisme mitjan\u00e7ant un sistema circulatori. De posicions religioses her\u00e8tiques, tant per a cat\u00f2lics com per a protestants, va ser cremat viu a Ginebra per ordre de Calv\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":20043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[219],"tags":[1792,1791,1790,1793],"class_list":["post-19890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-ca","tag-calvi","tag-circulacio-menor-de-la-sang","tag-miguel-servet-ca","tag-sebastian-castellio-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nMiguel Servet - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El 29 de setembre de 1509 naixia a Villanueva de Sigena (Osca, Arag\u00f3, Espanya) Miguel Servet, te\u00f2leg, metge i cient\u00edfic. 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