{"id":19491,"date":"2024-09-10T12:00:58","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T10:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=19491"},"modified":"2024-09-10T16:38:10","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T14:38:10","slug":"mor-madame-de-chatelet-matematica-filosofa-i-fisica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/mor-madame-de-chatelet-matematica-filosofa-i-fisica\/","title":{"rendered":"Mor Madame de Ch\u00e2telet: matem\u00e0tica, fil\u00f2sofa i f\u00edsica"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

VA SUCCEIR…\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

El 10 de setembre de 1749<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mor Madame de Ch\u00e2telet: matem\u00e0tica, fil\u00f2sofa i f\u00edsica<\/h1>\n
\"\"
Gabrielle \u00c9milie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, marquise du Ch\u00e2telet (1706-1749), French mathematician and physicist. \/ Wikimedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Xavier Mass\u00f3<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

El 10 de setembre de 1749<\/strong> moria al seu castell de Lun\u00e9ville l’eminent matem\u00e0tica, f\u00edsica i fil\u00f2sofa francesa \u00c9milie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, marquesa de Ch\u00e0telet<\/span><\/strong><\/a> i traductora de Newton al franc\u00e8s. Els manuals ad usum<\/em> solen solapar la seva condici\u00f3 de cient\u00edfica supeditant-la a la seva coneguda relaci\u00f3 amb Voltaire. En qualsevol cas, es tracta d’una figura que se sost\u00e9 sobradament per si mateixa i per la seva obra. Va ser una dona de la Il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3 en el ple sentit del terme<\/strong>. La seva prematura mort als 42 anys, com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de les seq\u00fceles d’un part, va malaguanyar el que era una ja aleshores plenament consolidada, prestigiosa i prometedora carrera.<\/p>\n

Havia nascut el 1706, filla del bar\u00f3 de Breteuil, home il\u00b7lustrat i amic de Fontenelle, el sal\u00f3 del qual a Paris era freq\u00fcentat pels grans fil\u00f2sofs, cient\u00edfics, ambaixadors… les elits intel\u00b7lectuals del moment, vaja. Va ser en aquest ambient que es va despertar, afavorida en tot moment pel seu pare, l’inter\u00e8s de la petita \u00c9milie pel coneixement i la ci\u00e8ncia. Un inter\u00e8s que va mantenir durant tota la seva vida.<\/p>\n

En la seva condici\u00f3 de dona, \u00c9milie no va poder assistir al col\u00b7legi ni a la universitat, per\u00f2 el seu pare es va encarregar de proporcionar-li els millors preceptors, que va saber aprofitar plenament. Als 12 anys havia ja llegit Cicer\u00f3 en llat\u00ed i Arist\u00f2til en grec, parlava, a m\u00e9s del franc\u00e8s, el llat\u00ed i el grec, angl\u00e8s, itali\u00e0 i alemany<\/strong>, i havia rebut una s\u00f2lida formaci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica i human\u00edstica. Aficionada a la m\u00fasica, tocava el clavec\u00ed i practicava, cosa in\u00e8dita en una dona de l’\u00e8poca, esgrima, gimn\u00e0stica i equitaci\u00f3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Presentada a la cort de Versalles als 16 anys, es va convertir en l’estrella de Par\u00eds, cosa que va suscitar les enveges dels rancuniosos i ressentits de sempre, que li van criticar la seva afici\u00f3 pel glamour<\/em>, les seves freq\u00fcents aventures amoroses, el seu carisma personal, la seva independ\u00e8ncia i la seva ampl\u00edssima cultura i coneixements. Cr\u00edtiques que en ben poc la van afectar. Va ser una dona aut\u00f2noma i independent<\/strong>, i ho va seguir sent despr\u00e9s del seu matrimoni, als 19 anys, amb el marqu\u00e8s de Chastellet-Lomon (el nom de Ch\u00e2telet va ser una variant ortogr\u00e0fica que va introduir Voltaire). Entre les seves moltes contribucions cient\u00edfiques va ser, juntament amb Voltaire \u2013van escriure algunes obres en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3\u2013 la introductora de la f\u00edsica newtoniana i de Leibniz a Fran\u00e7a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Va escriure un tractat sobre la propagaci\u00f3 del foc el 1739, amb 33 anys. Per\u00f2 l’obra que la va fer famosa com a cient\u00edfica va ser Institutions de Physique<\/em><\/strong> (1740), un tractat que no nom\u00e9s mostrava la seva posici\u00f3 sobre Newton, cr\u00edtica en alguns aspectes d’aquest autor, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 sobre Leibniz, que va considerar al mateix nivell intel\u00b7lectual i cient\u00edfic que l’anterior, cosa que va produir alguns frecs amb Voltarie, qui, com \u00e9s sabut, no nom\u00e9s no valorava Leibniz ni com a cient\u00edfic ni com a fil\u00f2sof, sin\u00f3 que fins i tot sovint en feia mofa. \u00c9milie li va guanyar la partida intel\u00b7lectual a Voltaire, malgrat que no va obtenir la seva fama<\/strong>. El llibre va afavorir el debat a Fran\u00e7a entre cartesians, newtonians i leibnizians.<\/p>\n

Va escriure tamb\u00e9 un ‘Tractat sobre la Felicitat<\/strong>‘ i va traduir al franc\u00e8s ‘La faula de les abelles<\/strong>‘, de Bernard Mandeville. Va mantenir correspond\u00e8ncia amb nombrosos cient\u00edfics i intel\u00b7lectuals del moment, entre ells, Clairaut, Maupertuis, Algaroti, Bernouilli, Jacquier<\/strong> i amb el rei de Pr\u00fassia Frederic II<\/strong>, entre altres, aix\u00ed com amb les Acad\u00e8mies cient\u00edfiques de Berl\u00edn, Escandin\u00e0via i R\u00fassia, a m\u00e9s de, per descomptat, la francesa.<\/p>\n

El 1739 va iniciar la traducci\u00f3 del llat\u00ed al franc\u00e8s de la \u2018Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica\u2019<\/em> de Newton<\/strong>, en versi\u00f3 comentada per ella mateixa. Labor que va anar interrompent i reprenent al llarg de diversos anys. El 1746 va obtenir la c\u00e8dula real per a la seva impressi\u00f3 i publicaci\u00f3. Estava concloent-la el 1749, quan va saber que estava embarassada, cosa que, potser premonit\u00f2riament, la va induir a accelerar-ne la traducci\u00f3 dels darrers cap\u00edtols. El 3 de setembre va tenir lloc el part i tot va semblar anar b\u00e9. Sis dies despr\u00e9s les coses es van complicar, va tenir accessos febrils i es va comen\u00e7ar a sentir molt malament. L’endem\u00e0, ja en estat molt precari va signar la traducci\u00f3 i va escriure la data al peu, ordenant el seu enviament immediat a la Biblioteca Reial. Poc despr\u00e9s, va perdre el coneixement i va morir, en pres\u00e8ncia del seu marit, de Saint-Lambert i de Voltaire.<\/p>\n

Era el 10 de setembre del 1749, avui fa 275 anys. Des d’Educational Evidence<\/em> volem aprofitar l’efem\u00e8ride per a retre un merescut homenatge a la seva mem\u00f2ria.<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El 10 de setembre de 1749 moria al seu castell de Lun\u00e9ville l’eminent matem\u00e0tica, f\u00edsica i fil\u00f2sofa francesa \u00c9milie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, marquesa de Ch\u00e0telet i traductora de Newton al franc\u00e8s. Els manuals ad usum solen solapar la seva condici\u00f3 de cient\u00edfica supeditant-la a la seva coneguda relaci\u00f3 amb Voltaire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19472,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[232,1650],"tags":[1692,1691],"class_list":["post-19491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-humanitats","category-va-succeir","tag-emilie-le-tonnelier-de-breteuil-ca","tag-madame-de-chatelet-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nMor Madame de Ch\u00e2telet: matem\u00e0tica, fil\u00f2sofa i f\u00edsica - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El 10 de setembre de 1749 moria al seu castell de Lun\u00e9ville l'eminent matem\u00e0tica, f\u00edsica i fil\u00f2sofa francesa \u00c9milie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, marquesa de Ch\u00e0telet i traductora de Newton al franc\u00e8s. 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