{"id":19167,"date":"2024-09-18T09:58:57","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T07:58:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=19167"},"modified":"2024-09-18T09:59:14","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T07:59:14","slug":"el-pendol-de-foucault","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/el-pendol-de-foucault\/","title":{"rendered":"El p\u00e8ndol de Foucault"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

VA SUCCEIR…<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

El p\u00e8ndol de Foucault<\/h1>\n
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P\u00e8ndol de Foucault al Pante\u00f3 de Par\u00eds. \/ Wikimedia<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Xavier Mass\u00f3<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

El 18 de setembre del 1819 naixia a Par\u00eds Jean Bernard L\u00e9on Foucault<\/strong><\/a>, el f\u00edsic franc\u00e8s que, mitjan\u00e7ant el p\u00e8ndol que porta el seu nom<\/strong><\/span> i que el va fer fam\u00f3s, va demostrar experimentalment la rotaci\u00f3 de la Terra<\/strong> sobre el seu propi eix. Per\u00f2 no va ser aquest, ni de bon tros, el seu \u00fanic \u00e8xit cient\u00edfic. Entre d\u2019altres aconseguiments, va inventar el giroscopi, va fer les primeres fotografies del Sol, va descobrir els corrents de Foucault -fenomen el\u00e8ctric que porta el seu nom- i va mesurar experimentalment la velocitat de la llum, que va establir en 298.000km\/s, amb el 0,6% derror sobre el valor actualment acceptat.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Portrait L\u00e9on Foucault, stamp on backside: \u201c3 Sept. 82\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Va estudiar el batxillerat al Col\u00b7legi Stanislas de Par\u00eds, on va coincidir i va fer amistat amb Hippolyte Fizeau<\/strong> \u2013tamb\u00e9 destacat f\u00edsic-, tot i que posteriorment es van convertir en rivals. Va comen\u00e7ar a la Universitat els estudis de Medicina, interessant-se pels estudis del bacteri\u00f2leg Alfred Done<\/strong> sobre anatomia microsc\u00f2pica, per\u00f2 va abandonar la Medicina per la F\u00edsica, perqu\u00e8, segons sembla, va desenvolupar f\u00f2bia a la sang.<\/p>\n

El 1851, inspirat en les seves observacions del comportament d\u2019una vareta prima i flexible sobre eix d\u2019un torn, que seguia vibrant en el mateix pl\u00e0nol malgrat la rotaci\u00f3 del bastidor de suport del torn, va dur a terme el seu experiment m\u00e9s espectacular, que li va proporcionar una gran popularitat m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de l’\u00e0mbit estrictament cient\u00edfic. Va construir al Pante\u00f3 de Par\u00eds -pr\u00e8viament ho havia provat a l’Observatori- un p\u00e8ndol esf\u00e8ric gegant\u00ed,<\/strong> amb una bala de can\u00f3 de 28kg recoberta de llaut\u00f3 penjada d’un cable de 67 metres i un per\u00edode de 16 segons. Sota el punt de suspensi\u00f3 es va col\u00b7locar una bassa circular de 3m de r\u00e0dio plena de sorra. Aquesta sorra era escombrada per l’agulla met\u00e0l\u00b7lica col\u00b7locada a la part inferior de la bala de can\u00f3. El resultat va ser que el pla d’oscil\u00b7laci\u00f3 del p\u00e8ndol rotava en el sentit de les agulles del rellotge.<\/p>\n

Si en un p\u00e8ndol oscil\u00b7lant disposem una plataforma circular a la base i la fem girar, el pla de les oscil\u00b7lacions no s’altera des de la perspectiva d’un observador inercial, per\u00f2 s\u00ed per a un no inercial, \u00e9s a dir, situat sobre la plataforma girat\u00f2ria, ja que les oscil\u00b7lacions efectuaran una precessi\u00f3 sobre l’eix de rotaci\u00f3 del p\u00e8ndol, en sentit contrari al del gir de la plataforma. I aix\u00f2, ni m\u00e9s ni menys, \u00e9s la demostraci\u00f3 del moviment de rotaci\u00f3 de la Terra. Si el p\u00e8ndol l’hagu\u00e9ssim situat al Pol Nord, la Terra hagu\u00e9s girat 360\u00ba del p\u00e8ndol cada 24h. En estar en una altra latitud, i depenent de quin sigui, el temps \u00e9s m\u00e9s gran que al Pol. El pla d’oscil\u00b7laci\u00f3 del p\u00e8ndol a Par\u00eds girava 11o<\/sup> per hora, de manera que completava el cercle en 32,7h. Per a observador situat sobre la Terra, el pla d’oscil\u00b7laci\u00f3 \u00e9s contrari al de la rotaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

En realitat, \u00e9s un efecte aparent, perqu\u00e8 all\u00f2 que es mou no \u00e9s el p\u00e8ndol, sin\u00f3 la base en sentit horari. Un efecte inercial en qu\u00e8 l’enorme massa suspesa des d’un cable situat a gran al\u00e7ada permet mantenir indefinidament el p\u00e8ndol la direcci\u00f3 inicial. Amb un electroimant, el moviment d’oscil\u00b7laci\u00f3 pot ser perpetu.<\/p>\n

El p\u00e8ndol va ser traslladat posteriorment al Museu d’Arts i Oficis de Par\u00eds, tornant al Pante\u00f3 el 1902. Actualment, una c\u00f2pia original del p\u00e8ndol segueix funcionant sota la c\u00fapula del Pante\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9on Foucault va rebre al llarg de la seva vida nombrosos reconeixements i guardons per la seva activitat cient\u00edfica. Va morir a Par\u00eds l’11 de febrer de 1868, als 48 anys, v\u00edctima del que sembla que va ser una esclerosi m\u00faltiple galopant. Est\u00e0 enterrat al cementiri parisenc de Montmartre.<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El 18 de setembre del 1819 naixia a Par\u00eds Jean Bernard L\u00e9on Foucault, el f\u00edsic franc\u00e8s que, mitjan\u00e7ant el p\u00e8ndol que porta el seu nom i que el va fer fam\u00f3s, va demostrar experimentalment la rotaci\u00f3 de la Terra sobre el seu propi eix. Per\u00f2 no va ser aquest, ni de bon tros, el seu \u00fanic \u00e8xit cient\u00edfic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[219],"tags":[1663,1662],"class_list":["post-19167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-ca","tag-jean-bernard-leon-foucault-ca","tag-pendol-de-foucault"],"yoast_head":"\nEl p\u00e8ndol de Foucault - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El 18 de setembre del 1819 naixia a Par\u00eds Jean Bernard L\u00e9on Foucault, el f\u00edsic franc\u00e8s que, mitjan\u00e7ant el p\u00e8ndol que porta el seu nom i que el va fer fam\u00f3s, va demostrar experimentalment la rotaci\u00f3 de la Terra sobre el seu propi eix. 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