{"id":19133,"date":"2024-09-05T09:48:59","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T07:48:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=19133"},"modified":"2024-09-08T21:40:15","modified_gmt":"2024-09-08T19:40:15","slug":"el-planeta-mart-i-els-canals-de-schiaparelli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/el-planeta-mart-i-els-canals-de-schiaparelli\/","title":{"rendered":"El planeta Mart i els canals de Schiaparelli"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

VA SUCCEIR…\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

El<\/strong> 5 de setembre de 1877<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

El planeta Mart i els canals de Schiaparelli<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Mapa de Mart per Giovanni Schiaparelli. \/ Wikimedia<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Xavier Mass\u00f3<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

El 5 de setembre de 1877<\/strong> l’astr\u00f2nom itali\u00e0 Giovanni Schiaparelli<\/strong> (1835-1910), despr\u00e9s d’haver estudiat minuciosament el planeta Mar<\/strong>t amb els seus telescopis i haver empr\u00e8s la tasca d’elaborar la seva primera cartografia, va assegurar haver descobert uns misteriosos canals que solcaven la superf\u00edcie<\/strong>. En difondre’s la not\u00edcia, ben aviat es va comen\u00e7ar a contemplar la possibilitat que aquests canals fossin artificials, cosa que seria, alhora, una prova de l’exist\u00e8ncia de vida intel\u00b7ligent al planeta roig. La pol\u00e8mica estava servida.<\/p>\n

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Giovanni Schiaparelli, d\u00e8cada del 1870 \/ Viquip\u00e8dia<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Schiaparelli distava molt de ser un farsant. Va ser un astr\u00f2nom notori i prestigi\u00f3s que es va dedicar tamb\u00e9 a la hist\u00f2ria de la ci\u00e8ncia, especialment de l’astronomia. Ja havia destacat pel seu estudi de les estrelles bin\u00e0ries, els sistemes estel\u00b7lars compostos per dues estrelles i, en hist\u00f2ria de l’astronomia antiga, havia estat el primer a proposar que l’esfera celeste d’Eudox<\/strong> (408 aC-337 a.C.) no estava concebuda com una esfera material, sin\u00f3 com una part de l’algorisme d’un c\u00e0lcul an\u00e0leg a la s\u00e8rie moderna de Fourier. Per\u00f2, com sol passar, es va fer fam\u00f3s popularment per la seva troballa menys afortunada: el suposat descobriment dels \u00abcanals de Schiaparelli<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Schiaparelli havia observat telesc\u00f2picament Mart en el moment m\u00e9s idoni per a aix\u00f2, durant la fase d’oposici\u00f3 de 1877, quan Mart i el Sol es trobaven en dos punts celestes diametralment oposats respecte a la Terra, i va creure observar sobre la seva superf\u00edcie unes estructures lineals en xarxa<\/strong>, a la manera de depressions no gaire profundes, d’amplada variable entre cent i tres-cents quil\u00f2metres, i de milers de longitud, que va anomenar canals. No havent-hi pluja a Mart, aquestes estructures havien de ser el sistema a trav\u00e9s del qual l’aigua i la vida es distribuirien pel planeta (des dels pols, d’on presumptament s’extrauria el l\u00edquid element). Per\u00f2 aix\u00f2 ja no va ser cosa de Schiaparelli, que sempre es va mostra molt prudent i mai no va assegurar que aquests \u00abcanals\u00bb fossin artificials.<\/p>\n

Tanmateix, i per acabar-ho d\u2019adobar, una mala traducci\u00f3 anglesa va venir a coadjuvar enormement a la propagaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquesta conjectura. Els \u00abcanali<\/em>\u00bb italians es van traduir, ignorem si intencionadament, per \u00abcanals<\/em>\u00bb, que en angl\u00e8s s\u00f3n cursos d’aigua artificials, en comptes de \u00abchannels\u00bb, que en serien els naturals i una traducci\u00f3 probablement m\u00e9s acurada.<\/p>\n

El descobriment dels canals i la possibilitat de vida intel\u00b7ligent a Mart va generar multitud de controv\u00e8rsies i especulacions<\/strong>. A nivell popular es van desfermar tota mena de fantasies sobre els autors d\u2019una obra tan colossal. Entre els cercles cient\u00edfics, hi va haver astr\u00f2noms que van secundar les tesis de la vida intel\u00b7ligent a Mart, com el nord-americ\u00e0 Percival Lowell<\/strong> (1855-1916), que va publicar diversos llibres defensant aquesta tesi i va especular sobre les caracter\u00edstiques d’aquesta formidable civilitzaci\u00f3 marciana capa\u00e7 d’extreure l\u2019aigua dels pols i portar-la fins a les regions equatorials menys fredes. Entestat en defensar que hi havia vida a Mart, va acabar desprestigiat com a astr\u00f2nom i al final es va haver de rendir a l’evid\u00e8ncia. En qualsevol cas, la bella i intr\u00e8pida princesa marciana Dejah Thoris<\/em><\/strong>, de les novel\u00b7les d’Edgar Rice Burroughs,<\/strong> est\u00e0 clarament influenciada per les especulacions i desvaris de Lowell, que va arribar a inventar-se tot un imaginari marci\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Entre els que s’hi van posicionar en contra, van destacar l’itali\u00e0 Vincenzo Cerulli<\/strong> (1859-1927) i l’angl\u00e8s Edward W. Maunder<\/strong> (1851-1928). Tots dos van proposar que els canals eren il\u00b7lusions \u00f2ptiques. Tamb\u00e9 s’hi va oposar el naturalista i evolucionista col\u00b7laborador de Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace<\/strong> (1823-1913), que va afirmar que la temperatura i la pressi\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica de Mart eren massa baixes perqu\u00e8 hi hagu\u00e9s aigua en estat l\u00edquid. Curiosament, Wallace va derivar posteriorment cap a l’espiritisme i l’ocultisme, tot i que ignorem si tamb\u00e9 cap als extraterrestres\u2026<\/p>\n

Les primeres imatges de Mart, preses pel Mariner 4 el 1965, van posar fi a la pol\u00e8mica, demostrant que els canals havien estat, certament, il\u00b7lusions \u00f2ptiques. I de vida intel\u00b7ligent, almenys fins on ens consta, tampoc. Una ll\u00e0stima per Dejah Thoris.<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El 5 de setembre de 1877 l’astr\u00f2nom itali\u00e0 Giovanni Schiaparelli (1835-1910), despr\u00e9s d’haver estudiat minuciosament el planeta Mart amb els seus telescopis i haver empr\u00e8s la tasca d’elaborar la seva primera cartografia, va assegurar haver descobert uns misteriosos canals que solcaven la superf\u00edcie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19120,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[219,1650],"tags":[1651,1653,1652],"class_list":["post-19133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-ca","category-va-succeir","tag-canals-de-mart","tag-giovanni-schiaparelli-ca","tag-mart"],"yoast_head":"\nEl planeta Mart i els canals de Schiaparelli - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta 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