{"id":16025,"date":"2024-05-07T17:57:12","date_gmt":"2024-05-07T15:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=16025"},"modified":"2024-05-07T17:57:00","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T15:57:00","slug":"contes-dunamuno-2-batracofils-i-batracofobs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/contes-dunamuno-2-batracofils-i-batracofobs\/","title":{"rendered":"Contes d\u2019Unamuno (2) Batrac\u00f2fils i batrac\u00f2fobs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Contes d\u2019Unamuno (2) Batrac\u00f2fils i batrac\u00f2fobs<\/h1>\n

Les granotes no paren de raucar. \u00c9s en aquest prec\u00eds moment quan sorgeix la disc\u00f2rdia…<\/p>\n

\"\"
Steffi Wacker. \/ Pexels<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Andreu Navarra<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

En aquesta ocasi\u00f3, agost de 1917<\/strong>, Miguel de<\/strong> Unamuno<\/strong> no escriu una distopia, sin\u00f3 una s\u00e0tira<\/strong>, at\u00e8s que sembla clar que est\u00e0 fent mofa de les disputes internes en el si de l\u2019Ateneu de Madrid, tot parlant del \u00abCasino de Ciama\u00f1a<\/em>\u00bb, top\u00f2nim inventat que sembla procedir de \u00abCiutat Magna\u00bb. Per\u00f2 ho fa amb tanta habilitat que la seva par\u00e0bola ben b\u00e9 valdria tamb\u00e9 per a qualsevol instituci\u00f3 cultural del pa\u00eds, com ara l\u2019Ateneu Barcelon\u00e8s o El Sitio de Bilbao<\/em>, que coneixia molt b\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9 fa l\u2019efecte que Unamuno es diverteix a les costelles de la virulenta pol\u00e8mica entre aliad\u00f2fils<\/strong> i german\u00f2fils<\/strong>; aix\u00ed ho confirmen tant \u00d3scar Carrascosa (estudi\u00f3s i recopilador de la narrativa breu unamuniana, i el seu editor per a l\u2019editorial P\u00e1ginas de Espuma<\/em>) com d\u2019altres cr\u00edtics anteriors. Vaig tenir l\u2019oportunitat, ara fa exactament deu anys, d\u2019examinar aquest cisma literari i ideol\u00f2gic en el meu llibre \u20181914. Aliad\u00f3filos y german\u00f3filos en la cultura espa\u00f1ola\u2019<\/em> (Madrid, C\u00e1tedra); una controv\u00e8rsia que va assolit elevades cotes de rid\u00edcula ves\u00e0nia, y puc certificar que aquest conte d\u2019Unamuno, prominent aliad\u00f2fil, es va escriure en els moments m\u00e9s encesos i cr\u00edtics de la I Guerra Mundial<\/strong>, quan fins i tot sota l\u2019\u00e8gida del comte de Romanones, va arribar a haver-hi un risc real que Espanya particip\u00e9s en aquella carnisseria, i realment hi reflecteix aquell ambient dividit i t\u00e8rbol com cap altre.<\/p>\n

En aquest cas, l\u2019habilitat de l\u2019autor rau en la manera com va saber, a l\u2019agost de 1917, combinar la pol\u00e8mica d\u2019aquell moment amb moltes altres d\u2019anteriors, que qualsevol lector m\u00ednimament informat podia recordar, com ara, per exemple, la que va dividir cl\u00e0ssics i rom\u00e0ntics cap a 1820, o la que enfront\u00e0, a partir de 1876, els seguidors del positivista Azc\u00e1rate amb els del casticista Men\u00e9ndez y Pelayo, en la \u2018Pol\u00e9mica sobre la Ciencia Espa\u00f1ola\u2019<\/strong>, o la dels partidaris del naturalisme amb els idealistes moralitzants. De fet, at\u00e8s el seu disseny exterior, la pol\u00e8mica unamuniana liderada per Don Restituto<\/em>, un home pr\u00e0ctic, i Don Herminio<\/em>, el poeta, a all\u00f2 que m\u00e9s s\u2019assembla \u00e9s a les dues crisis de la segona meitat del XIX, ja que els partidaris de la batracof\u00f2bia brandeixen l\u2019ideal de la ci\u00e8ncia, mentre que els de la batrac\u00f2fils ho fan amb la de l\u2019art. Es tracta d\u2019un enfrontament t\u00edpicament post rom\u00e0ntic,<\/strong> encara sense el focus en les q\u00fcestions tecnol\u00f2giques i els futurismes que van protagonitzar els discursos a principis del segle XX.<\/p>\n

Malgrat que no va escatimar atacs dur\u00edssims contra Eduardo Dato<\/strong>, president del govern neutralista, a qui s\u2019acusava de ser un talp venut als alemanys (tot i que, fa deus anys, es va demostrar que m\u00e9s aviat, i en secret, Dato havia maniobrat per posar-se al servei comercial del govern franc\u00e8s), i que fuetej\u00e0 una i altra vegada els german\u00f2fils, Unamuno evita en el conte prendre partir expl\u00edcitament. I \u00e9s que, en el fons, com el socialista Araquist\u00e1in<\/strong>, el que execraven era la in\u00e8rcia de la societat civil espanyola, que consideraven inexistent. Tant Ortega, com Araquist\u00e1in i Unamuno van expressar la seva desesperaci\u00f3 per un pa\u00eds que refusava connectar amb les grans processos de la modernitat, dedicat a gresques, festivitats, distraccions i \u00absiestas<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Doncs b\u00e9, la pol\u00e8mica entre batrac\u00f2fils i batrac\u00f2fobs \u00e9s una m\u00e9s de les ignares crisis que van marcant una vida nacional rid\u00edcula, una controv\u00e8rsia de casino totalment idi\u00f2tica<\/strong> i de caire cast\u00eds.<\/p>\n

El conte \u00e9s esquem\u00e0tic i senzill, com tots els d\u2019Unamuno, contes d\u2019idees i no d\u2019aventures: al pati del casino de Ciama\u00f1a <\/em>s\u2019hi ha instal\u00b7lat un estany coquet\u00f3, amb el resultat de nuvolades de mosquits que comencen a importunar els lectors de la biblioteca. Aturem-nos aqu\u00ed: aquest \u00e9s el primer s\u00edmbol del text: es construeix artificialment un marjal artificial i els insectes ja no deixen llegir ni estudiar els lectors, pertorbats per un element extern que no permet ni la concentraci\u00f3 ni l\u2019estudi pacient. Del marjal pol\u00edtic sorgeix una molesta premsa, plena de crits i fiblades. Els nostres mosquits d\u2019avui podrien ser, per exemple, els tel\u00e8fons m\u00f2bils o el degoteig constant de titulars hiperactius.<\/p>\n

Per a resoldre-ho, s\u2019acorda posar granotes a l\u2019estanyol, que es cruspiran els mosquits i problema solucionat. Per\u00f2 apareix un contratemps inesperat: les granotes no paren de raucar. \u00c9s en aquest prec\u00eds moment quan sorgeix la disc\u00f2rdia: els poetes i els lectors volen llegir i escriure, per\u00f2 no poden, i els esperits cient\u00edfics, els anomenats \u00abpr\u00e0ctics\u00bb, no poden fer la migdiada<\/strong>. Tornem-nos a detenir: se suposa que Unamuno, en principi, hauria d\u2019estar situat en el costat rom\u00e0ntic, el que rumina i treballa, per\u00f2, en canvi, aporta una soluci\u00f3 nietzschiana de la qual en parlarem m\u00e9s endavant. Crida l\u2019atenci\u00f3 que els dropos, els dormilegues, siguin els cient\u00edfics. Enemic de la Kultur mecanicista, el m\u00e0xim s\u00edmbol de la qual \u00e9s l\u2019Alemanya del K\u00e1iser, no ens ha d\u2019estranyar que l\u2019autor consideri els positivistes uns alienats i espiritualment adormits, incapa\u00e7os de bussejar i somniar en la intrahist\u00f2ria nacional, l\u2019aut\u00e8ntica ess\u00e8ncia eterna de la identitat castellana.<\/p>\n

Els que llegeixen s\u00f3n els que saben somniar; els que dormen s\u00f3n els que s\u2019han lliurat a quatre t\u00f2pics pseudo progressistes. Tanmateix, despr\u00e9s de mesos de discussi\u00f3 entre partidaris i detractors dels batracis, sorgeix una tercera via: un fil\u00f2sof anomenat Don S\u00f2crates<\/strong> proposa una soluci\u00f3 de comprom\u00eds, eliminar l\u2019estanyol. En termes nacionals, aix\u00f2 significaria bandejar i silenciar l\u2019opini\u00f3 p\u00fablica, tot imposant la mordassa<\/strong>. La soluci\u00f3 de comprom\u00eds s\u2019accepta i l\u2019estany es desseca i cega: ja no hi ha pol\u00e8mica entre batrac\u00f2fils i batrac\u00f2fobs. Nogensmenys, tots troben a faltar el toll pol\u00edtic, perqu\u00e8 l\u2019home no pot viure sense lluita ni ritme intel\u00b7lectual, que \u00e9s conflicte per se<\/em>. En el nostre debat pedag\u00f2gic actual, la soluci\u00f3 d\u2019aquest S\u00f2crates de pega seria el pedagogisme competencial: no saben vost\u00e8s com educar millor? Doncs deixin d\u2019educar, i punt<\/strong>. La soluci\u00f3 a la pol\u00e8mica \u00e9s el pur i simple no-res.<\/p>\n

Fins a quin punt ha avan\u00e7at moralment el pa\u00eds? No resulta rid\u00edcula la polaritzaci\u00f3 actual i no es magnifiquen, en uns mitjans tan hist\u00e8rics com histri\u00f2nics, una s\u00e8rie de q\u00fcestions menors que no s\u00f3n sin\u00f3 distraccions del que de veritat ens hauria de preocupar? L\u2019enfarfegada disc\u00f2rdia entre professauris i innovadors<\/strong>, per exemple, seria una guerra civil incivil t\u00edpicament batraciana: sense matisos, sense utilitat, sense refer\u00e8ncia a cap tipus de soluci\u00f3 pr\u00e0ctica; \u00e9s a dir, una farsa<\/strong>. El nostre hiperpartidisme, les nostres xarxes socials totalment batr\u00e0cies, i aquest raucs idi\u00f2tics que constitueixen el nostre acompanyament moral quotidi\u00e0, no seran potser cap\u00edtols i processos dignes de mofa, com l\u2019enfrontament entre els amics de les granotes i els dels mosquits, arribant fins i tot a les mans en institucions de cultura?<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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