{"id":15665,"date":"2024-05-03T08:46:32","date_gmt":"2024-05-03T06:46:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=15665"},"modified":"2024-05-03T09:06:12","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T07:06:12","slug":"contes-dunamuno-1-mecanopolis-1913","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/contes-dunamuno-1-mecanopolis-1913\/","title":{"rendered":"Contes d\u2019Unamuno (1): Mecan\u00f2polis (1913)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Contes d\u2019Unamuno (1): Mecan\u00f2polis (1913)<\/h1>\n

Com Heidegger, potser pensava que la tecnologia estava molt b\u00e9 fins que comen\u00e7ava a erosionar l\u2019ess\u00e8ncia de l\u2019\u00e9sser hum\u00e0<\/p>\n

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Imatge de keluan. Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Llic\u00e8ncia Creative Commons<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Andreu Navarra<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Aquest conte, publicat l\u201911 d\u2019agost de 1913, no pot ser m\u00e9s senzill. Agafa l\u2019estructura r\u00e0pida i elemental de les Llegendes <\/em>de B\u00e9cquer: alg\u00fa explica que un amic va experimentar una viv\u00e8ncia o viatge extraordinaris que el narrador es disposa a explicar sense cap mena d\u2019alteraci\u00f3 del relat. Un recurs cervant\u00ed<\/em>, ja quasi un tic si parlem de literatura fant\u00e0stica o d\u2019anticipaci\u00f3. Aqu\u00ed ens trobem clarament amb un cas de distopia moral, com la que va escriure Juli Verne mig segle abans, per\u00f2 va deixar in\u00e8dita, sobre el Par\u00eds mecanitzat del segle XX. En aquest cas no sabem com s\u2019anomena el protagonista i sembla clar que, a trav\u00e9s d\u2019ell, Miguel de Unamuno va voler expressar, no el progressisme tecnol\u00f2gic, com les seves conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies deshumanitzadores.<\/p>\n

La trama, d\u00e8iem, no pot ser m\u00e9s senzilla: un caminant perdut enmig d\u2019un desert busca aigua i troba un oasi. Un oasi amb una estaci\u00f3 de ferrocarril autom\u00e0tica de la qual surt un tren molt r\u00e0pid en qu\u00e8 no hi viatja ning\u00fa. El tren travessa tota la plana fins a Mecan\u00f3polis, una ciutat exuberant i plena de riqueses que ning\u00fa en frueix. La descripci\u00f3 de l\u2019autor recorda una coneguda tortura de la Gestapo: \u201cRenuncio a descriure\u2019t la ciutat. No podem ni somniar tota la magnific\u00e8ncia, sumptuositat, comoditat i higiene all\u00ed acumulades. Per cert, que no arribava a entendre el perqu\u00e8 de tot aquell desplegament higi\u00e8nic, at\u00e8s que no s\u2019hi veia cap \u00e9sser viu. Ni homes, ni animals; ni un gos que travess\u00e9s el carrer, ni una oreneta al cel\u201d. \u00c9s remarcable que Unamuno imagin\u00e9s aquesta distopia un any abans de la Primera Guerra Mundial, una d\u00e8cada abans del primer Plan Quinquenal estalini\u00e0, set anys abans de \u2018Nosaltres\u2019<\/em>, d\u2019Evgeny Zamiatin, la mare de tots els malsons dist\u00f2pics del segle XX. En un edifici de Mecan\u00f3polis hi ha un hotel, sense hostes, l\u00f2gicament, amb m\u00e0quines que elaboren i serveixen delicatessen <\/em>nom\u00e9s amb apretar un bot\u00f3, com a la nau Enterprise. <\/em>La ll\u00e0stima \u00e9s que l\u2019\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 estigui excl\u00f2s d\u2019aquesta dissortada ciutat perfecta.<\/p>\n

En el Museu d\u2019Art hi ha reproduccions perfectes de tots els grans quadres produ\u00efts per la humanitat. Hom pot prendre-hi tot l\u2019art del m\u00f3n sense veure ni una sola obra d\u2019art. Podr\u00edem plantejar-nos qu\u00e8 dimonis \u00e9s una obra d\u2019art. Walter Benjamin ho va fer l\u2019any 1936 en un breu, per\u00f2 transcendental, assaig. Per\u00f2 Unamuno ja estava rumiant sobre el tema… I encara un detall m\u00e9s, for\u00e7a inquietant: \u201cArran d\u2019una explicaci\u00f3 que vaig llegir en un cartell a l\u2019entrada, vaig assabentar-me que, a Mecan\u00f2polis, el Museu de Pintura era una secci\u00f3 del Museu de Paleontologia\u201d… Talment, sembla que Unamuno hagu\u00e9s estat passejant per la Barcelona de l\u2019any 2024!<\/p>\n

Aliments per a ning\u00fa, luxes per a ning\u00fa, riqueses per a ning\u00fa. No sabem si est\u00e0 parlant de la societat contempor\u00e0nia o del Metavers. Perqu\u00e8 ho podr\u00edem aplicar perfectament al nostre m\u00f3n: sembla ben b\u00e9 que Unamuno estava pensant en nosaltres quan va descriure un m\u00f3n t\u00e8cnic en el qual l\u2019\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 comptava tan poc que ja no hi comptava per a res. No \u00e9s nom\u00e9s que les Humanitats hagin estat bandejades i que ho continu\u00efn estant (aquest \u00e9s un debat antic: en realitat fa d\u00e8cades que estan desmantellades, les autoritats ja ni tan sols recorden qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n la literatura o el llegat cultural; aix\u00f2 ja ho va preveure Juli Verne), sin\u00f3 que les persones, at\u00e8s que solem ser un destorb i una font de contradiccions, ja no servim ni per a fer funcionar sistemes i se\u2019ns ha fet desapar\u00e8ixer. Com diu Unamuno, unes \u00ab\u00e0nimes mec\u00e0niques\u00bb dirigeixen el nostre m\u00f3n i no s\u00e9 qu\u00e8 em fa m\u00e9s por, que me n\u2019expulsi un robot o un home robotitzat; vull dir lobotomitzat, un home sense \u00e0nima.<\/p>\n

Sabem que Unamuno feia campanya contra el ferrocarril; sabem tamb\u00e9 que el feia servir sovint i que hi viatjava amb un abonament d\u2019usuari habitual, que feia servir per acostar-se a Gredos i a Extremadura, per purificar-se l\u2019\u00e0nim. Reivindicava viatjar a peu com una higiene espiritual; utilitzava la tecnologia per poder-ho fer en comptes de quedar-se atrapat a la ciutat: heus ac\u00ed una actitud humanista, pr\u00f2pia de qui estima el camp, per\u00f2 que ha d\u2019anar de vegades a Madrid o a Bilbao per a recordar-ho al p\u00fablic. Una doble vida que de vegades no sabia harmonitzar massa b\u00e9. Nogensmenys, despr\u00e9s de la lectura de \u2018Mecan\u00f2polis\u2019 entenem que considerava el progr\u00e9s t\u00e8cnic exagerat com una amena\u00e7a; com Heidegger, potser pensava que la tecnologia estava molt b\u00e9 fins que comen\u00e7ava a erosionar l\u2019ess\u00e8ncia de l\u2019\u00e9sser hum\u00e0.<\/p>\n

El conte, sortosament, acaba b\u00e9: vaig sortir com un boig a llan\u00e7ar-me al davant del primer tramvia el\u00e8ctric que pass\u00e9s. Quan em vaig despertar del cop em trobava de nou a l\u2019oasi d\u2019on havia partit. Vaig comen\u00e7ar a caminar, vaig arribar a la tenda d\u2019uns bedu\u00efns i, en trobar-me amb un d\u2019ells, el vaig abra\u00e7ar plorant. I que b\u00e9 ens vam entendre tot i no poder-nos entendre! Em van donar menjar i em van cuidar. A la nit, vaig sortir amb ells i, estesos a terra tot mirant el cel estrellat, vam pregar plegats\u201d. Hi devien estar b\u00e9, car eren humans fent coses junts.<\/p>\n

\n

Font:\u00a0educational EVIDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drets:\u00a0Creative Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aquest conte, publicat l\u201911 d\u2019agost de 1913, no pot ser m\u00e9s senzill. Agafa l\u2019estructura r\u00e0pida i elemental de les Llegendes de B\u00e9cquer: alg\u00fa explica que un amic va experimentar una viv\u00e8ncia o viatge extraordinaris que el narrador es disposa a explicar sense cap mena d\u2019alteraci\u00f3 del relat. Un recurs cervant\u00ed, ja quasi un tic si parlem de literatura fant\u00e0stica o d\u2019anticipaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15645,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"1","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[232,412],"tags":[916,908,907,906,905],"class_list":["post-15665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-humanitats","category-literatura-ca","tag-contes-dunamuno","tag-cuentos-de-unamuno","tag-distopia-moral","tag-mecanopolis-1913","tag-miguel-de-unamuno"],"yoast_head":"\nContes d\u2019Unamuno (1): Mecan\u00f2polis (1913) - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aquest conte, publicat l\u201911 d\u2019agost de 1913, no pot ser m\u00e9s senzill. 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