{"id":10971,"date":"2024-04-30T06:40:59","date_gmt":"2024-04-30T04:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/?p=10971"},"modified":"2024-04-20T21:10:03","modified_gmt":"2024-04-20T19:10:03","slug":"linici-violent-de-la-civilitzacio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalevidence.com\/ca\/linici-violent-de-la-civilitzacio\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019inici violent de la civilitzaci\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019inici violent de la civilitzaci\u00f3<\/h1>\n

Aquestes troballes amplien la nostra comprensi\u00f3 de la viol\u00e8ncia interpersonal durant les primeres societats humanes<\/p>\n

\"\"
Crani amb fractures. Foto: A. Soltysiak.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dades provinents de restes arqueol\u00f2giques de l\u2019Orient Mitj\u00e0 suggereixen que la viol\u00e8ncia entre \u00e9ssers humans ha fluctuat al llarg del temps i que va tenir un punt \u00e0lgid entre el 4500 i el 3000 aC, data que podria coincidir amb els primers protoestats centralitzats i amb disputes a gran escala. Aquestes conclusions s\u00f3n fruit d\u2019una\u00a0recerca<\/a>\u00a0liderada per l\u2019investigador de la Universitat de Barcelona Giacomo Benati que s\u2019acaba de publicar a la revista\u00a0Nature Human Behaviour.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Font: Universitat de Barcelona<\/a><\/p>\n

Els investigadors han analitzat m\u00e9s de 3.500 esquelets en un treball pioner en l\u2019estudi dels conflictes de les primeres societats humanes. Concretament, han utilitzat dades de restes d\u2019esquelets de 3.536 individus datats entre el 12000 i el 400 aC de set pa\u00efsos de l\u2019Orient Mitj\u00e0 (Turquia, l\u2019Iraq, l\u2019Iran, S\u00edria, el L\u00edban, Israel i Jord\u00e0nia). N\u2019han avaluat el grau de viol\u00e8ncia interpersonal (atacs, assassinats, esclavitud, tortura, tirania, c\u00e0stigs cruels o baralles violentes) analitzant la proporci\u00f3 d\u2019esquelets que mostraven indicis de traumatisme cranial o ferides relacionades amb armes. Els resultats suggereixen que la viol\u00e8ncia interpersonal va arribar al pic ara fa uns 6.000 anys.<\/strong> Despr\u00e9s, s\u2019observa un declivi de la viol\u00e8ncia durant l\u2019edat de bronze mitjana (3300-1500 aC), abans d\u2019un nou augment a l\u2019edat de bronze tardana i l\u2019edat de ferro (1500-400 aC).<\/p>\n

La hip\u00f2tesi dels autors \u00e9s que el primer gran esclat de viol\u00e8ncia podria coincidir amb els primers protoestats centralitzats<\/strong> i amb el canvi de disputes ocasionals a conflictes organitzats a gran escala. Els investigadors remarquen, a m\u00e9s, que durant la transici\u00f3 cap a l\u2019edat de ferro, quan va tenir lloc el segon gran esclat, hi va haver 300 anys de sequera, dispersi\u00f3 de la poblaci\u00f3 i manca de recursos, cosa que podria haver influ\u00eft en els incidents violents.<\/p>\n

Els experts conclouen que aquestes troballes amplien la nostra comprensi\u00f3 de la viol\u00e8ncia interpersonal durant les primeres societats humanes. L\u2019evoluci\u00f3 de la viol\u00e8ncia interpersonal a llarg termini \u00e9s poc coneguda, perqu\u00e8 falten proves o dades dels diversos per\u00edodes hist\u00f2rics. Nom\u00e9s hi ha disponibles els registres d\u2019homicidis dels per\u00edodes m\u00e9s recents, i a m\u00e9s els biaixos d\u2019informaci\u00f3 sobre els conflictes limiten la comprensi\u00f3 del passat. S\u2019ha suggerit que la viol\u00e8ncia ha disminu\u00eft al llarg dels mil\u00b7lennis, i m\u00e9s r\u00e0pidament des de la Il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3 (segles XVII i XVIII)<\/strong>, per\u00f2 \u00e9s una hip\u00f2tesi ara q\u00fcestionada.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dades provinents de restes arqueol\u00f2giques de l\u2019Orient Mitj\u00e0 suggereixen que la viol\u00e8ncia entre \u00e9ssers humans ha fluctuat al llarg del temps i que va tenir un punt \u00e0lgid entre el 4500 i el 3000 aC, data que podria coincidir amb els primers protoestats centralitzats i amb disputes a gran escala. Aquestes conclusions s\u00f3n fruit d\u2019una\u00a0recerca\u00a0liderada per l\u2019investigador de la Universitat de Barcelona Giacomo Benati que s\u2019acaba de publicar a la revista\u00a0Nature Human Behaviour.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[219],"tags":[488,490,489,491],"class_list":["post-10971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-ca","tag-civilitzacio","tag-giacomo-benati-ca","tag-societats-humanes","tag-violencia-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019inici violent de la civilitzaci\u00f3 - Educational Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dades provinents de restes arqueol\u00f2giques de l\u2019Orient Mitj\u00e0 suggereixen que la viol\u00e8ncia entre \u00e9ssers humans ha fluctuat al llarg del temps i que va tenir un punt \u00e0lgid entre el 4500 i el 3000 aC, data que podria coincidir amb els primers protoestats centralitzats i amb disputes a gran escala. 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